Trends in the use of immediate postoperative intravesical chemotherapy following transurethral resection of bladder tumors.

Purpose: The use of immediate postoperative intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) following transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) has been shown to reduce the rate of recurrence of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Historically, utilization of IVC following TURBT has been low. We sought to determine the rate of immediate postoperative IVC following TURBT, as well as assess factors that may influence its use.

Methods: We utilized the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database to assess the rates of IVC between the years 2016 to 2021. All patients who underwent TURBT based on appropriate procedure codes were initially included. Patients with an additional procedure code for the administration of IVC were identified.

Results: From 2016 to 2021, 50,295 patients underwent TURBT for bladder cancer. There were 21,544 (43%) small, 18,135 (36%) medium, and 10,616 (21%) large tumors treated. In total, 2,833 (5.6%) patients received IVC. Use of IVC was associated with surgery performed in an elective setting, those who did not receive preoperative blood transfusion, and shorter operative time. Receipt of chemotherapy was more common in the later years examined.

Conclusions: The rate of use of IVC remains very low. Ongoing study and improvement initiatives are in place, though these predominantly are assessing academic centers. Further study and quality improvement should be performed and include community practice settings.