Assessment of the first 5 years of pharmacist-administered vaccinations in Australia: learnings to inform expansion of services.

Objectives and importance of the study: Pharmacist-administered vaccination has expanded in Australia but has not been comprehensively assessed. We aimed to assess the pharmacists' role in vaccination in Australia before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the completeness of data on pharmacist-administered immunisations.

Study type: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: We analysed data on pharmacist-administered vaccinations that were reported to the Australian Immunisation Register (AIR) between 2016 and 2019, categorised by gender, jurisdiction, age group and vaccine type. We conducted a national survey of community pharmacists providing vaccination services during June and July 2020 to understand how pharmacists record and report vaccinations to the AIR. We assessed data completeness by comparing the number of vaccinations reported by surveyed pharmacists to the number recorded on the AIR.

Results: 576 780 pharmacist-administered vaccinations were recorded on the AIR between 2016 and 2019, of which 94.7% were influenza vaccines. The proportion of vaccinations given by pharmacists increased each year, from <0.001% in 2016 to 2.7% in 2019. Between 2017 and 2019, rates of pharmacist-administered vaccinations were highest among people aged 60-64 years (2046 per 100 000 people) and those living in regional areas (1074 per 100 000 people). Among 243 survey respondents, 57.8% (126/223) reported vaccinations to the AIR automatically via software, 27.8% (62/223) manually entered data and 13.5% (30/223) used both methods. Of the 87 665 vaccination encounters recorded by 121 respondents, 82.2% (72 045/87 665) were recorded on the AIR. There were more AIR-recorded encounters from those who reported automatically via software (84.8% [49 309/58 134]) than from those who manually entered data (68.3% [12 127/17 746]).

Conclusions: Pharmacists have an increasing role in providing vaccination services in Australia, with great potential to improve coverage among adults and populations in regional locations. Measures introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the uptake of electronic methods of recording and reporting data, which can improve data completeness. Our results provide an assessment of the first 5 years of pharmacist vaccination services in Australia, against which future evaluations of the impacts of policy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic can be compared.