用于测量任务相似性的 Wasserstein 任务嵌入。

IF 6 1区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Neural Networks Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI:10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106796
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引用次数: 0

摘要

测量不同任务之间的相似性对于广泛的机器学习问题至关重要,这些问题包括转移学习、多任务学习、持续学习和元学习。目前大多数测量任务相似性的方法都依赖于架构:(1) 依靠预先训练的模型,或 (2) 在任务上训练网络,并使用前向传输作为任务相似性的代理。在本文中,我们利用最优传输理论,为监督分类定义了一种新颖的任务嵌入,它与模型无关、无需训练,并能处理(部分)不相交的标签集。简而言之,给定一个带有地面实况标签的数据集,我们通过多维缩放进行标签嵌入,并将数据集样本与相应的标签嵌入串联起来。然后,我们将两个数据集之间的距离定义为其更新样本之间的 2-Wasserstein 距离。最后,我们利用 2-Wasserstein 嵌入框架将任务嵌入向量空间,其中嵌入点之间的欧氏距离近似于任务之间的 2-Wasserstein 距离。我们证明,与最优传输数据集距离(OTDD)等相关方法相比,建议的嵌入方法能显著加快任务比较的速度。此外,我们还通过各种数值实验证明了我们的嵌入方法的有效性,并在各种图像识别数据集上展示了我们提出的距离与任务间前向和后向传输之间在统计学上的显著相关性。
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Wasserstein task embedding for measuring task similarities
Measuring similarities between different tasks is critical in a broad spectrum of machine learning problems, including transfer, multi-task, continual, and meta-learning. Most current approaches to measuring task similarities are architecture-dependent: (1) relying on pre-trained models, or (2) training networks on tasks and using forward transfer as a proxy for task similarity. In this paper, we leverage the optimal transport theory and define a novel task embedding for supervised classification that is model-agnostic, training-free, and capable of handling (partially) disjoint label sets. In short, given a dataset with ground-truth labels, we perform a label embedding through multi-dimensional scaling and concatenate dataset samples with their corresponding label embeddings. Then, we define the distance between two datasets as the 2-Wasserstein distance between their updated samples. Lastly, we leverage the 2-Wasserstein embedding framework to embed tasks into a vector space in which the Euclidean distance between the embedded points approximates the proposed 2-Wasserstein distance between tasks. We show that the proposed embedding leads to a significantly faster comparison of tasks compared to related approaches like the Optimal Transport Dataset Distance (OTDD). Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our embedding through various numerical experiments and show statistically significant correlations between our proposed distance and the forward and backward transfer among tasks on a wide variety of image recognition datasets.
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来源期刊
Neural Networks
Neural Networks 工程技术-计算机:人工智能
CiteScore
13.90
自引率
7.70%
发文量
425
审稿时长
67 days
期刊介绍: Neural Networks is a platform that aims to foster an international community of scholars and practitioners interested in neural networks, deep learning, and other approaches to artificial intelligence and machine learning. Our journal invites submissions covering various aspects of neural networks research, from computational neuroscience and cognitive modeling to mathematical analyses and engineering applications. By providing a forum for interdisciplinary discussions between biology and technology, we aim to encourage the development of biologically-inspired artificial intelligence.
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