加强癌症临床和社区干预措施实施的倡导者:范围界定综述。

Joseph Astorino Nicola, M Muska Nataliansyah, Maria A Lopez-Olivo, Adebola Adegboyega, Kelly A Hirko, Lou-Anne R Chichester, Nora L Nock, Pamela Ginex, Shannon M Christy, Paul Levett
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:带头人是癌症研究中不可或缺的一部分,但对他们的作用进行探讨的研究却很有限,结果也不尽相同。本综述对冠军如何产生以及他们最常开展的活动类型进行了研究和综合描述。通过研究转化研究整个过程中的证据,本范围界定综述旨在描述带头人的作用以及促进他们在临床和社区环境中参与实施癌症护理干预措施的策略:本范围界定综述的设计和实施符合 PRISMA-ScR。综述主要关注英文期刊中经同行评审的文章。我们检索了五个数据库:PubMed(包括 MEDLINE)、Scopus(包括 EMBASE)、CINAHL、PsycINFO 和 Cochrane 图书馆。收录了 1971 年至 2022 年发表的文章。研究小组的两名成员对每篇文章进行一式两份的审阅,然后由一名成员在 Covidence 中提取数据,再由另一名成员将提取的数据与原始文章进行比较。提取定性和定量数据,然后进行综合。这些数据用于总结冠军的核心活动和实施策略,并描述在研究中使用冠军的障碍和促进因素:共有 74 篇文章被纳入综述。定性综述强调了有效使用支持者的促进因素和障碍。促进因素包括在确定带头人时考虑个人的特点、花时间规划带头人的具体职责、在支持性环境中工作以及确定目标设置中的带头人。主要障碍包括时间有限、倡导者自我效能感低、培训不足、倡导者离职率高以及缺乏组织领导对干预措施的支持。此外,倡导者大多被分配了各自的角色,他们的核心活动各不相同,并使用互补策略来增强目标人群的能力。支持者最常见的核心活动包括促进、外联/宣传以及招募研究参与者:在许多癌症类型的研究中都使用了支持者,无论他们在转化研究过程中处于什么位置,他们通常都发挥着类似的作用。尽管他们发挥着关键作用,但缺乏证据表明他们对许多研究结果的具体影响。未来的研究需要了解不同癌症治疗环境中冠军驱动方法的细微差别。
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Champions to enhance implementation of clinical and community-based interventions in cancer: a scoping review.

Background: Champions are integral across research in cancer, yet studies exploring their roles are limited and have produced mixed results. The current review examines and synthesizes descriptions of how champions emerged and the types of activities they most often performed. By examining evidence from across the translational research continuum, this scoping review aims to characterize the role of champions and strategies that facilitate their involvement in the implementation of cancer care interventions in both clinical and community-based settings.

Methods: This scoping review was designed and implemented in compliance with PRISMA-ScR. The review focused on peer-reviewed articles in English-language journals. We searched five databases: PubMed (including MEDLINE), Scopus (including EMBASE), CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library. Articles published from 1971 to 2022 were included. Two members of the team reviewed in duplicate each article and then a single member of the team extracted the data in Covidence, with a second member comparing the extraction to the original article. Qualitative and quantitative data were extracted and then synthesized. These data were used to summarize core champion activities and implementation strategies and to characterize barriers and facilitators to using champions in research.

Results: A total of 74 articles were included in the review. The qualitative synthesis highlighted facilitators and barriers to the effective use of champions. Facilitators included consideration of an individual's characteristics when identifying champions, time spent planning for the specific responsibilities of champions, working within a supportive environment, and identifying champions embedded in the target setting. Major barriers included constrained time, low self-efficacy among champions, inadequate training, high turnover rates of champions, and a lack of buy-in from organizational leadership toward the intervention. Champions also were mostly assigned their roles, had varied core activities, and used complementary strategies to empower their target populations. Champions' most frequent core activities include facilitation, outreach/promotion, and recruitment of participants into studies.

Conclusions: Champions were used in research of many cancer types and often serve similar roles regardless of where they are located within the translational research process. Despite their critical role, evidence is lacking on the impact of champions specifically on outcomes of many of the research studies that include them. Future research is needed to understand the nuances of champion-driven approaches across diverse cancer care settings.

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来源期刊
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24 weeks
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