End-stage heart failure patients in ICU: the importance of advance planning and effective communication.

During the disease trajectory, patients with advanced heart failure are often hospitalised with a high probability of admission to the intensive care setting. Using a case study, this article explores the care given to a patient with decompensated heart failure in an intensive care unit (ICU). It will discuss the significance of holistic assessment and effective symptom management, in particular the research related to breathlessness management. The importance of effective communication within the ICU multidisciplinary team, including with the patient/family will be explored, as the ICU environment can often lead to communication breakdown, patients being unable to voice their wishes and over-medicalisation. The effectiveness of early involvement of the palliative care team in ICU will be examined, including the use of tools such advance care planning and a treatment escalation plan and whether use of these can enable a better patient and family experience at the end of life. The role of palliative care champions will be discussed.