Sohail Ahmad Raza, Muhammad Hashim, Liangzhi Cao, Xianan Du, Longwen Jiang
{"title":"关于铅铋共晶(LBE)冷却 SPARK-NC 堆芯燃料中放射性同位素演变的研究","authors":"Sohail Ahmad Raza, Muhammad Hashim, Liangzhi Cao, Xianan Du, Longwen Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.anucene.2024.110998","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SPARK-NC, a 10 MW(e) lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled fast reactor design, exhibits promising characteristics like inherent gamma shielding, natural circulation, and a high boiling point. Following detailed neutronic studies, a thorough investigation of nuclear safety necessitates a detailed analysis of the core radionuclide inventory. This information is particularly crucial for source term calculations, which play a vital role in assessing the potential radiological consequences. This study establishes the life-cycle inventory of SPARK-NC using two independent computational systems: ORIGEN2.2 and NECP-SARAX. ORIGEN2.2, equipped with a reactor-specific library generated by NECP-MCX, is used for average whole-core inventory analysis. NECP-SARAX, on the other hand, explicitly considers core heterogeneity in terms of enrichment, specific power, and burn-up. This work presents the radionuclide inventories and the relative calculation differences observed between the codes. Actinides like uranium and curium display minimal code dependence, while plutonium isotopes exhibit a maximum relative difference of 8 %. Fission products generally agree within 5 %, except for I-131, which shows a discrepancy of around 10 %. The activity of I-131 and Cs-137 are estimated to be approximately 1 × 10<sup>16</sup> Bq and 3 × 10<sup>15</sup> Bq, respectively. Additionally, the photon source strength is 10<sup>17</sup>/s at 1 MeV, dropping to 10<sup>16</sup>/s below 6 MeV. Fission products and actinides contribute a decay heat of 0.65 MW. Assembly-wise analysis reveals a direct proportionality between radionuclide inventory and peaking factor, with the average assembly inventory being roughly 25 % lower than the peak assembly inventory. Rare earth elements (Ce, Sm, Pm, Pr, Nd, La, Y) exhibit a maximum mass of approximately 8.5 kg with a 3 % relative difference between the codes. Conversely, halogens (I, Br) have a minimum mass of around 0.2 kg with a 13 % relative difference. These findings, alongside the quantification of radionuclides, provide valuable insights into the code selection for future analyses of SPARK-NC and similar reactor systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8006,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Energy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 110998"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Investigation on radioisotopes evolution in the fuel of Lead-Bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled SPARK-NC core\",\"authors\":\"Sohail Ahmad Raza, Muhammad Hashim, Liangzhi Cao, Xianan Du, Longwen Jiang\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.anucene.2024.110998\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>SPARK-NC, a 10 MW(e) lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled fast reactor design, exhibits promising characteristics like inherent gamma shielding, natural circulation, and a high boiling point. Following detailed neutronic studies, a thorough investigation of nuclear safety necessitates a detailed analysis of the core radionuclide inventory. This information is particularly crucial for source term calculations, which play a vital role in assessing the potential radiological consequences. This study establishes the life-cycle inventory of SPARK-NC using two independent computational systems: ORIGEN2.2 and NECP-SARAX. ORIGEN2.2, equipped with a reactor-specific library generated by NECP-MCX, is used for average whole-core inventory analysis. NECP-SARAX, on the other hand, explicitly considers core heterogeneity in terms of enrichment, specific power, and burn-up. This work presents the radionuclide inventories and the relative calculation differences observed between the codes. Actinides like uranium and curium display minimal code dependence, while plutonium isotopes exhibit a maximum relative difference of 8 %. Fission products generally agree within 5 %, except for I-131, which shows a discrepancy of around 10 %. The activity of I-131 and Cs-137 are estimated to be approximately 1 × 10<sup>16</sup> Bq and 3 × 10<sup>15</sup> Bq, respectively. Additionally, the photon source strength is 10<sup>17</sup>/s at 1 MeV, dropping to 10<sup>16</sup>/s below 6 MeV. Fission products and actinides contribute a decay heat of 0.65 MW. Assembly-wise analysis reveals a direct proportionality between radionuclide inventory and peaking factor, with the average assembly inventory being roughly 25 % lower than the peak assembly inventory. Rare earth elements (Ce, Sm, Pm, Pr, Nd, La, Y) exhibit a maximum mass of approximately 8.5 kg with a 3 % relative difference between the codes. Conversely, halogens (I, Br) have a minimum mass of around 0.2 kg with a 13 % relative difference. These findings, alongside the quantification of radionuclides, provide valuable insights into the code selection for future analyses of SPARK-NC and similar reactor systems.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8006,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Annals of Nuclear Energy\",\"volume\":\"211 \",\"pages\":\"Article 110998\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Annals of Nuclear Energy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306454924006613\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Nuclear Energy","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306454924006613","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigation on radioisotopes evolution in the fuel of Lead-Bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled SPARK-NC core
SPARK-NC, a 10 MW(e) lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled fast reactor design, exhibits promising characteristics like inherent gamma shielding, natural circulation, and a high boiling point. Following detailed neutronic studies, a thorough investigation of nuclear safety necessitates a detailed analysis of the core radionuclide inventory. This information is particularly crucial for source term calculations, which play a vital role in assessing the potential radiological consequences. This study establishes the life-cycle inventory of SPARK-NC using two independent computational systems: ORIGEN2.2 and NECP-SARAX. ORIGEN2.2, equipped with a reactor-specific library generated by NECP-MCX, is used for average whole-core inventory analysis. NECP-SARAX, on the other hand, explicitly considers core heterogeneity in terms of enrichment, specific power, and burn-up. This work presents the radionuclide inventories and the relative calculation differences observed between the codes. Actinides like uranium and curium display minimal code dependence, while plutonium isotopes exhibit a maximum relative difference of 8 %. Fission products generally agree within 5 %, except for I-131, which shows a discrepancy of around 10 %. The activity of I-131 and Cs-137 are estimated to be approximately 1 × 1016 Bq and 3 × 1015 Bq, respectively. Additionally, the photon source strength is 1017/s at 1 MeV, dropping to 1016/s below 6 MeV. Fission products and actinides contribute a decay heat of 0.65 MW. Assembly-wise analysis reveals a direct proportionality between radionuclide inventory and peaking factor, with the average assembly inventory being roughly 25 % lower than the peak assembly inventory. Rare earth elements (Ce, Sm, Pm, Pr, Nd, La, Y) exhibit a maximum mass of approximately 8.5 kg with a 3 % relative difference between the codes. Conversely, halogens (I, Br) have a minimum mass of around 0.2 kg with a 13 % relative difference. These findings, alongside the quantification of radionuclides, provide valuable insights into the code selection for future analyses of SPARK-NC and similar reactor systems.
期刊介绍:
Annals of Nuclear Energy provides an international medium for the communication of original research, ideas and developments in all areas of the field of nuclear energy science and technology. Its scope embraces nuclear fuel reserves, fuel cycles and cost, materials, processing, system and component technology (fission only), design and optimization, direct conversion of nuclear energy sources, environmental control, reactor physics, heat transfer and fluid dynamics, structural analysis, fuel management, future developments, nuclear fuel and safety, nuclear aerosol, neutron physics, computer technology (both software and hardware), risk assessment, radioactive waste disposal and reactor thermal hydraulics. Papers submitted to Annals need to demonstrate a clear link to nuclear power generation/nuclear engineering. Papers which deal with pure nuclear physics, pure health physics, imaging, or attenuation and shielding properties of concretes and various geological materials are not within the scope of the journal. Also, papers that deal with policy or economics are not within the scope of the journal.