Microseismicity and fault structure in the Daliangshan block within the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

The Daliangshan block is located between the Tibetan Plateau and the South China block and has accommodated several M > 6.5 damaging earthquakes in the past ∼600 years, as well as intense tectonic deformation and complex fault structures. In this study, we analyze more than two years of continuous seismic data recorded by a recently deployed dense seismic array. We used a recently developed machine learning-based earthquake location workflow (ESPRH) to construct a high-precision earthquake catalog for the region and obtained 3539 earthquakes, which is approximately three times as many as the National Earthquake Data Center (NEDC) catalog contains. The seismicity distribution not only confirms the nature of the faults marked on the map but also delineates the detailed geometry of the unmapped faults, including the en échelon faults at the northern end of the Zemuhe Fault and the “V”-shaped conjugate fault within the Mabian Fault Zone. The Zemuhe Fault and Lianfeng Fault are prone to hosting large earthquakes according to the derived low b-value. The western side of the Daliangshan block is dominated by strike-slip faults. Combining the fault geometry presented in this paper, we observed that the fault properties on the eastern side are complex. This tectonic phenomenon is attributed to the fact that during the lateral extrusion of the southeastern edge of the Chuandian fragments, the northeastern part of the Daliangshan block was squeezed by the South China block more strongly than its southwestern part. We provide the first precise earthquake catalog for Daliangshan block, which can be used as important seismological data for regional hazard assessment and research on the southeastern (SE) margin of the Tibetan Plateau.