田鼠基因组学将牙齿的确定性生长和非确定性生长联系起来。

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY BMC Genomics Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1186/s12864-024-10901-2
Zachary T Calamari, Andrew Song, Emily Cohen, Muspika Akter, Rishi Das Roy, Outi Hallikas, Mona M Christensen, Pengyang Li, Pauline Marangoni, Jukka Jernvall, Ophir D Klein
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:持续生长的牙齿是哺乳动物进化过程中的一项重要创新,但人们对干细胞持续生长的遗传调控仍不甚了解。在牙根形成之初,负责牙冠生长的牙齿干细胞就会丧失。小鼠是最常见的哺乳动物牙齿模型物种,其门齿和根臼齿不断生长,但很难通过基因信号来研究这种损失,因为牙根形成的信号与牙齿大小和形状模式(即尖牙模式)的信号重叠。滩田鼠和草原田鼠(Cricetidae, Rodentia, Glires)进化出了有根和无根臼齿,同时保留了相似的大小和形状,为研究牙根提供了替代模型:我们组装了Myodes glareolus(一种具有高冠、有根臼齿的田鼠)的全新基因组,并在Glires(啮齿类和袋鼬类)的广泛系统发育背景下进行了基因组和转录组分析,以评估牙齿形成基因的差异选择和进化。对银行田鼠和小鼠胚胎臼齿发育的大量转录组学比较表明,基因表达水平总体上保持不变,而物种特异性差异则与田鼠臼齿的加速和更广泛的模式化相对应。我们利用无根臼齿在整个支系中的趋同进化,研究了可能是无根臼齿进化的基础的变化。我们发现了 15 个具有变化的同源关系的牙科基因和 6 个在 Glires 中经历正选择的牙科基因,其中两个基因(Dspp 和 Aqp1)在具有无根臼齿的物种中经历了正选择。与银行田鼠相比,这两个基因在臼齿无根的草原田鼠中的表达量减少,这支持了正选择的存在,并可能是牙根形成差异的基础:我们的研究结果支持牙基因在啮齿类动物中的不断进化,并为牙根形成的机理研究确定了候选基因。以银行田鼠为模式物种进行的比较研究可以揭示不断生长的臼齿趋同进化的复杂进化背景。
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Bank vole genomics links determinate and indeterminate growth of teeth.

Background: Continuously growing teeth are an important innovation in mammalian evolution, yet genetic regulation of continuous growth by stem cells remains incompletely understood. Dental stem cells responsible for tooth crown growth are lost at the onset of tooth root formation. Genetic signaling that initiates this loss is difficult to study with the ever-growing incisor and rooted molars of mice, the most common mammalian dental model species, because signals for root formation overlap with signals that pattern tooth size and shape (i.e., cusp patterns). Bank and prairie voles (Cricetidae, Rodentia, Glires) have evolved rooted and unrooted molars while retaining similar size and shape, providing alternative models for studying roots.

Results: We assembled a de novo genome of Myodes glareolus, a vole with high-crowned, rooted molars, and performed genomic and transcriptomic analyses in a broad phylogenetic context of Glires (rodents and lagomorphs) to assess differential selection and evolution in tooth forming genes. Bulk transcriptomics comparisons of embryonic molar development between bank voles and mice demonstrated overall conservation of gene expression levels, with species-specific differences corresponding to the accelerated and more extensive patterning of the vole molar. We leverage convergent evolution of unrooted molars across the clade to examine changes that may underlie the evolution of unrooted molars. We identified 15 dental genes with changing synteny relationships and six dental genes undergoing positive selection across Glires, two of which were undergoing positive selection in species with unrooted molars, Dspp and Aqp1. Decreased expression of both genes in prairie voles with unrooted molars compared to bank voles supports the presence of positive selection and may underlie differences in root formation.

Conclusions: Our results support ongoing evolution of dental genes across Glires and identify candidate genes for mechanistic studies of root formation. Comparative research using the bank vole as a model species can reveal the complex evolutionary background of convergent evolution for ever-growing molars.

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来源期刊
BMC Genomics
BMC Genomics 生物-生物工程与应用微生物
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
4.50%
发文量
769
审稿时长
6.4 months
期刊介绍: BMC Genomics is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of genome-scale analysis, functional genomics, and proteomics. BMC Genomics is part of the BMC series which publishes subject-specific journals focused on the needs of individual research communities across all areas of biology and medicine. We offer an efficient, fair and friendly peer review service, and are committed to publishing all sound science, provided that there is some advance in knowledge presented by the work.
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