{"title":"多步粘接树脂胶合剂与 CAD/CAM 块的粘接效果：热循环和表面处理方法的影响。","authors":"Seda Üstün Aladağ, Elif Aydoğan Ayaz","doi":"10.1186/s12903-024-05091-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the effects of thermal cycling and surface treatment methods on the bonding effectiveness of multi-step resin cements to CAD/CAM blocks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 198 slices, 66 each from CAD/CAM blocks (feldspathic ceramic: Vitablocs TriLuxe Forte, V; resin matrix ceramics (RMCs): Cerasmart, C; and Shofu Block HC, S), were obtained and randomly divided into two subgroups for etching with hydrofluoric acid (HFA) and sandblasting with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (SB). After the surface treatments, one etched and one sandblasted sample of each CAD/CAM block was observed via SEM analysis at 500× magnification. The remaining 32 etched and 32 sandblasted samples of each CAD/CAM block were divided into two subgroups to be cemented with total-etch (TE) and self-etch (SE) resin cements. Then, half of the 16 samples in all the subgroups were subjected to aging (TC) for 5000 cycles (n = 8). The shear bond strength (SBS) of each sample was measured. Four-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With or without TC, the highest SBS values for V were obtained with the HFA-TE and HFA-SE interactions, respectively. C presented the highest SBS values with HFA-SE and SB-TE interactions, whereas S presented the highest SBS values with SB-TE and HFA-TE interactions. Except the SB-SE interaction, C presented lower SBS values after TC than other materials. HFA created less porosity on the C and S surfaces than V. SB visibly roughened the surfaces of all the materials but caused fractures, cracks, and damage to the surfaces.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Similar SBS values can be achieved between feldspathics, RMCs, and multi-step adhesive resins with both HFA and SB treatments. However, the SBS values obtained from the SB-SE interaction may be below the recommended threshold values for all materials after TC. SB can cause distinctive cavities, fissures, and damage, especially on the surfaces of RMCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"1326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529232/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Bonding effectiveness of multi-step adhesive resin cements to CAD/CAM blocks: impact of thermal cycling and surface treatment methods.\",\"authors\":\"Seda Üstün Aladağ, Elif Aydoğan Ayaz\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12903-024-05091-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the effects of thermal cycling and surface treatment methods on the bonding effectiveness of multi-step resin cements to CAD/CAM blocks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 198 slices, 66 each from CAD/CAM blocks (feldspathic ceramic: Vitablocs TriLuxe Forte, V; resin matrix ceramics (RMCs): Cerasmart, C; and Shofu Block HC, S), were obtained and randomly divided into two subgroups for etching with hydrofluoric acid (HFA) and sandblasting with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (SB). After the surface treatments, one etched and one sandblasted sample of each CAD/CAM block was observed via SEM analysis at 500× magnification. The remaining 32 etched and 32 sandblasted samples of each CAD/CAM block were divided into two subgroups to be cemented with total-etch (TE) and self-etch (SE) resin cements. Then, half of the 16 samples in all the subgroups were subjected to aging (TC) for 5000 cycles (n = 8). The shear bond strength (SBS) of each sample was measured. Four-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With or without TC, the highest SBS values for V were obtained with the HFA-TE and HFA-SE interactions, respectively. C presented the highest SBS values with HFA-SE and SB-TE interactions, whereas S presented the highest SBS values with SB-TE and HFA-TE interactions. Except the SB-SE interaction, C presented lower SBS values after TC than other materials. HFA created less porosity on the C and S surfaces than V. SB visibly roughened the surfaces of all the materials but caused fractures, cracks, and damage to the surfaces.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Similar SBS values can be achieved between feldspathics, RMCs, and multi-step adhesive resins with both HFA and SB treatments. However, the SBS values obtained from the SB-SE interaction may be below the recommended threshold values for all materials after TC. SB can cause distinctive cavities, fissures, and damage, especially on the surfaces of RMCs.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9072,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"BMC Oral Health\",\"volume\":\"24 1\",\"pages\":\"1326\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529232/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"BMC Oral Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05091-y\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMC Oral Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05091-y","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：研究热循环和表面处理方法对 CAD/CAM 块多步树脂粘接效果的影响：研究热循环和表面处理方法对多级树脂水门汀与 CAD/CAM 块粘接效果的影响：共有 198 个切片，其中 66 个来自 CAD/CAM 块（长石陶瓷，Vitablocs TriLuxe Forte，V；树脂基质，RR）：Vitablocs TriLuxe Forte，V；树脂基质陶瓷（RMC）：Cerasmart，C；和 Shofu Block HC，S），并随机分为两组，分别进行氢氟酸（HFA）腐蚀和 Al2O3（SB）喷砂处理。表面处理后，以 500 倍放大率通过扫描电镜分析观察每个 CAD/CAM 块的一个蚀刻样本和一个喷砂样本。每个 CAD/CAM 块的其余 32 个蚀刻样本和 32 个喷砂样本被分为两组，分别用全蚀刻（TE）和自蚀刻（SE）树脂水门汀进行粘接。然后，对所有分组中 16 个样品的一半进行 5000 次老化（TC）（n = 8）。测量每个样品的剪切粘接强度（SBS）。采用四元方差分析（ANOVA）和 Tukey 检验来分析数据（p 结果：无论有无 TC，HFA-TE 和 HFA-SE 交互作用下 V 的 SBS 值分别最高。C 在 HFA-SE 和 SB-TE 相互作用下的 SBS 值最高，而 S 在 SB-TE 和 HFA-TE 相互作用下的 SBS 值最高。除 SB-SE 相互作用外，C 在 TC 后的 SBS 值低于其他材料。HFA 在 C 和 S 表面产生的孔隙率低于 V。SB 使所有材料的表面明显粗糙，但会导致表面断裂、裂纹和损坏：结论：通过 HFA 和 SB 处理，长石路面材料、RMC 和多步粘合剂树脂可获得相似的 SBS 值。然而，SB-SE 相互作用产生的 SBS 值可能低于 TC 后所有材料的建议临界值。SB 可造成明显的空洞、裂缝和损坏，尤其是在 RMC 表面。
Bonding effectiveness of multi-step adhesive resin cements to CAD/CAM blocks: impact of thermal cycling and surface treatment methods.
Background: To investigate the effects of thermal cycling and surface treatment methods on the bonding effectiveness of multi-step resin cements to CAD/CAM blocks.
Methods: A total of 198 slices, 66 each from CAD/CAM blocks (feldspathic ceramic: Vitablocs TriLuxe Forte, V; resin matrix ceramics (RMCs): Cerasmart, C; and Shofu Block HC, S), were obtained and randomly divided into two subgroups for etching with hydrofluoric acid (HFA) and sandblasting with Al2O3 (SB). After the surface treatments, one etched and one sandblasted sample of each CAD/CAM block was observed via SEM analysis at 500× magnification. The remaining 32 etched and 32 sandblasted samples of each CAD/CAM block were divided into two subgroups to be cemented with total-etch (TE) and self-etch (SE) resin cements. Then, half of the 16 samples in all the subgroups were subjected to aging (TC) for 5000 cycles (n = 8). The shear bond strength (SBS) of each sample was measured. Four-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05).
Results: With or without TC, the highest SBS values for V were obtained with the HFA-TE and HFA-SE interactions, respectively. C presented the highest SBS values with HFA-SE and SB-TE interactions, whereas S presented the highest SBS values with SB-TE and HFA-TE interactions. Except the SB-SE interaction, C presented lower SBS values after TC than other materials. HFA created less porosity on the C and S surfaces than V. SB visibly roughened the surfaces of all the materials but caused fractures, cracks, and damage to the surfaces.
Conclusion: Similar SBS values can be achieved between feldspathics, RMCs, and multi-step adhesive resins with both HFA and SB treatments. However, the SBS values obtained from the SB-SE interaction may be below the recommended threshold values for all materials after TC. SB can cause distinctive cavities, fissures, and damage, especially on the surfaces of RMCs.
期刊介绍：
BMC Oral Health is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of disorders of the mouth, teeth and gums, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology.
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