Real-time joint recognition of weather and ground surface conditions by a multi-task deep network

Climate change and the occurrence of intense and unexpected weather events highlighted the need for real-time weather warning systems, especially in smart roads and isolated scenarios like rural areas. In this work, we propose to jointly recognize the weather and the ground surface conditions using existing video surveillance systems. Previous works separately tackled these two tasks even if they are correlated to each other. We propose a convolutional neural network with shared weights in the lower layers and two separate classification branches on top to exploit the correlation between the tasks and, at the same time, learn diverse high-level features for each task. Moreover, the network architecture implements attention mechanisms allowing the classification branches to focus on diverse image regions. The method is versatile and allows us to train the network on partially labeled data. The experimental analysis on real data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on both tasks, confirmed by the accuracy comparison with existing methods for the recognition of weather and ground surface conditions. The multi-task solution improves the inference speed (50 frames per second) and reduces the required memory (less than 1 GB) with respect to a system with two different single-task approaches; these results confirm that the proposed solution is ready for video surveillance applications to support smart cities.