在日本自我扩增的 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗推广过程中解决疫苗犹豫和误导问题。

IF 7.3 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL QJM: An International Journal of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1093/qjmed/hcae214
Hayase Hakariya, Rio Ohashi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自 2024 年 10 月 1 日起,日本开始实施修订后的 COVID-19 疫苗接种策略,从完全由政府资助的模式转变为由受种者承担部分或全部费用的模式。这项新的年度计划主要针对 65 岁及以上人群和 60-64 岁的重症高危人群,要求他们承担部分接种费用。对于其他人来说,疫苗接种仍然是自愿和自费的。值得注意的是,该计划包括 2023 年 11 月 28 日批准的全球首个自扩增 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗--zapomeran(Kostaive®,明治制药株式会社)。这种疫苗创新性的自我扩增功能在媒体平台上引发了争论,公众普遍存在分歧和困惑。新疫苗编码了复制酶蛋白和尖峰蛋白抗原,与需要 30 微克剂量的传统 mRNA 疫苗相比,可减少 5 微克剂量。然而,人们也提出了一些担忧,主要围绕四个误解:脱落、mRNA永久复制、与人类DNA整合以及在日本以外地区未获批准的情况。尽管这些担忧在科学上毫无根据,但受社交媒体上迅速传播的误导信息的影响,这些担忧还是加剧了人们对疫苗的犹豫。令人震惊的是,来自一所学术大学和一个学术团体的带有偏见的言论加剧了这种犹豫不决的情绪。日本历史上曾出现过人类乳头瘤病毒和白喉-破伤风-百日咳疫苗接种犹豫不决的情况。为了防止公共卫生危机的发生,政府机构和学术团体必须积极抵制错误信息,倡导以证据为基础的理解,鼓励高危人群接种疫苗。
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Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy and misinformation amidst Japan's self-amplifying mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout.

As of October 1, 2024, Japan implemented a revised COVID-19 vaccination strategy, shifting from a fully publicly funded model to one where costs are partially or fully borne by recipients. This new annual program targets individuals aged 65 and above, and those aged 60-64 at higher risk of severe illness, requiring them to cover some vaccination expenses. For others, the vaccine remains voluntary and self-funded. Notably, this program includes the world's first self-amplifying mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, zapomeran (Kostaive®, Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd) approved on November 28, 2023. This vaccine's innovative self-amplifying feature has ignited debates across media platforms, with widespread public division and confusion. The new vaccine encodes replicase proteins and the spike protein antigen, allowing for reduced doses of 5 ug compared to traditional mRNA vaccines that require 30 ug. However, concerns have been raised, primarily around four misconceptions: shedding, perpetual mRNA replication, integration into human DNA, and its non-approval situation outside Japan. Despite these scientifically unfounded concerns, they have fueled vaccine hesitancy, influenced by misleading information spreading rapidly on social media. Alarmingly, biased statements from an academic university and an academic society aggravate this hesitancy. Japan's history has experienced vaccine hesitancies in human papillomavirus and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination cases. To prevent a public health crisis, it is crucial that governmental bodies and academic groups actively counter misinformation, advocating for evidence-based understanding and encouraging vaccination among those most at risk.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
5.30%
发文量
263
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: QJM, a renowned and reputable general medical journal, has been a prominent source of knowledge in the field of internal medicine. With a steadfast commitment to advancing medical science and practice, it features a selection of rigorously reviewed articles. Released on a monthly basis, QJM encompasses a wide range of article types. These include original papers that contribute innovative research, editorials that offer expert opinions, and reviews that provide comprehensive analyses of specific topics. The journal also presents commentary papers aimed at initiating discussions on controversial subjects and allocates a dedicated section for reader correspondence. In summary, QJM's reputable standing stems from its enduring presence in the medical community, consistent publication schedule, and diverse range of content designed to inform and engage readers.
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