Cultural considerations in gastroenterology: barriers to care and a call for humility and action.

Culture is a broadly defined term and patients' cultural identity may show up in the medical setting in visible and invisible ways. In this paper, we aim to discuss cultural considerations in gastrointestinal (GI) care. Our definition of "culture" reflects the commonly ascribed race and ethnicity and will also discuss other minority groups such as sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). We will review what is known about rates of GI conditions across various cultural groups, acknowledging that our data reflect inequity in representation. While the healthcare system has overall shown an increased awareness of the role that systemic and institutional racism plays in affecting patient care, this has not been widely studied in the context of GI though has a profound impact. Multiple factors affect the interaction between patients' cultural identities and engagement in and quality of GI care. Stigma related to cultural factors or cultural intersection has the capacity to shape if, when, and how medical care is approached, received and applied. Conditions and symptoms in GI are often complicated; health literacy (HL) is the ease with which patients can navigate getting from diagnosis to treatment and engage in self-management and also interacts with cultural context. Some aspects of a patient's experience, background and skill are imperceptible and require the healthcare provider to attend to treatment with humility, respect and self-reflection if they wish to effectively engage. We introduce the concept of cultural humility to GI and offer practical suggestions for those providing clinical care. We also call for future investment in a diverse healthcare delivery system and continued legislation to promote social equity.