同域 Phortica spp.的种群动态以及在意大利 Thelazia callipaeda 流行区首次记录到 Phortica oldenbergi 的稳定存在。

IF 3 2区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Parasites & Vectors Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1186/s13071-024-06526-9
Ilaria Bernardini, Cristiana Poggi, Daniele Porretta, Jan Máca, Eleonora Perugini, Sara Manzi, Simona Gabrielli, Verena Pichler, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Josephus Fourie, Riccardo Paolo Lia, Frédéric Beugnet, Domenico Otranto, Marco Pombi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:欧洲和中东地区已知有五种Phortica属(双翅目:果蝇科)昆虫。其中,Phortica variegata 和 Phortica okadai 因其作为人畜共患病眼线虫 Thelazia callipaeda 的传播媒介而广为人知。对其他物种的研究较少,例如 Phortica semivirgo 和 Phortica oldenbergi。鉴于有关这些蝇媒的数据较少,我们在 Callipaeda 眼虫高度流行的地区(意大利中部罗马的曼齐亚纳)探索了蝇媒的种群动态和生态学:在 3 年内(2018-2020 年),在苍蝇的活跃季节(4 月至 10 月),在发酵水果或作为诱饵的人类操作者周围盘旋时,用扫网收集了 Phortica spp.苍蝇。采集的苍蝇经过形态鉴定,并通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测是否感染了T. callipeada和是否存在沃尔巴克氏体。通过广义加法模型将收集到的物种的种群动态与环境驱动因素联系起来:结果:在采集到的 5564 只苍蝇中,90.8% 是变种蝇,9.1% 是老伯蝇,0.05% 是半翅蝇,还有一个标本是 okadai 蝇。在整个 3 年的取样期间,只有变种蕨(P. variegata)分子感染了 T. callipeada(1.8%)。在整个取样期间持续观察到的 Phortica oldenbergi 对果实诱捕器表现出明显的偏好,与 P. variegata 的舔食活动形成鲜明对比。对 P. oldenbergi 和 P. variegata 种群动态的环境驱动因素分析表明,温度、风速和气压是重要因素。此外,还在 P. oldenbergi 和 P. okadai 中检测到了 Wolbachia pipientis 内共生体:本研究首次分析了在T. callipeada流行区共存的Phortica物种的几个生态学方面,突出了它们在同一环境中的不同行为及其媒介作用。值得注意的是,这也是第一份关于意大利存在P. oldenbergi和欧洲存在P. okadai的报告,强调了广泛取样检测潜在病媒和外来物种的重要性,这对病媒传播疾病的流行病学有直接影响。
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Population dynamics of sympatric Phortica spp. and first record of stable presence of Phortica oldenbergi in a Thelazia callipaeda-endemic area of Italy.

Background: Five species of the Phortica genus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) are known in Europe and the Middle East. Among these, Phortica variegata and Phortica okadai are better known for their role as vectors of the zoonotic eyeworm Thelazia callipaeda. Other species, such as Phortica semivirgo and Phortica oldenbergi, have been studied less. Given the paucity of data about these Phortica spp. vectors, we explored the population dynamics and ecology of Phortica spp. in an area highly endemic for T. callipeada (Manziana, Rome, Central Italy).

Methods: Phortica spp. flies were collected over a 3-year period (2018-2020) during their active season (April-October) with a sweep net while hovering around fermenting fruits or a human operator acting as baits. Collected flies were morphologically identified and tested for a T. callipeada infection and for the presence of Wolbachia, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Population dynamics of species collected was associated to environmental drivers through generalized additive models.

Results: Of the 5564 flies collected, 90.8% were P. variegata, 9.1% were P. oldenbergi, 0.05% were P. semivirgo, and one specimen was P. okadai. Only P. variegata scored molecularly infected with T. callipeada throughout the 3-year sampling period (1.8%). Phortica oldenbergi, observed consistently during the entire sampling period, exhibited a marked preference for fruit traps, contrasting with the lachryphagous activity of P. variegata. Analysis of environmental drivers of P. oldenbergi and P. variegata population dynamics indicated temperature, wind speed, and pressure as significant factors. In addition, Wolbachia pipientis endosymbiont was detected in P. oldenbergi and P. okadai.

Conclusions: For the first time, this study analysed several ecological aspects of Phortica species coexisting in a T. callipeada endemic area, highlighting different behaviors in the same environment and their vectorial role. Notably, this is also the first report of the presence of P. oldenbergi in Italy and P. okadai in Europe, underscoring the importance of extensive sampling for detecting potential vectors and alien species with direct implications for vector-borne disease epidemiology.

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来源期刊
Parasites & Vectors
Parasites & Vectors 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
9.40%
发文量
433
审稿时长
1.4 months
期刊介绍: Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish. Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.
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