Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) promote autophagy in buffalo sertoli cells

Sertoli cells (SCs) play a pivotal role in spermatogenesis, with autophagy modulation being an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting spermatogenic cells against apoptosis. The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family are transcriptional regulators of autophagy. This study investigated the relationship between BET inhibition and autophagy in buffalo SCs. Our findings reveal that BET inhibition suppresses cell proliferation and alters the biological characteristics of SCs. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated significant downregulation of autophagy-related genes upon BET inhibition. Moreover, our bioinformatics analysis suggested the involvement of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in autophagy regulation within buffalo SCs. Immunofluorescence and Transmission electron microscopy observations indicated that BET inhibition results in autophagosome accumulation and impedes autophagosome-lysosome degradation, thereby compromising autophagy activity and flux. In summary, this study sheds light on the indispensable role of BET proteins in autophagy and paves the way for further investigations into the mechanisms governing BET protein-mediated autophagy regulation and its implications for male reproduction.