Oral LPCN 1148 improves sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy in male patients with cirrhosis: A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial

Background & Aims: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in patients with liver cirrhosis and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Androgen receptor agonists, ARAs, can address these conditions through multimodal mechanisms of action, however their safety and efficacy in patients with cirrhosis have not been well established. Approach & Results: In this multicenter, double-blind, phase 2 trial, men with sarcopenia and cirrhosis awaiting liver transplant were randomized 1:1 to receive either oral ARA LPCN 1148 or placebo for 24 weeks (NCT04874350). The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to 24 weeks in skeletal muscle index measured by computed tomography scan of the L3 region (L3-SMI), analyzed with a prespecified modified intent-to-treat population. The secondary endpoint was the number of overt HE events. 29 participants (mean age=59 y, MELD=17) received at least one dose of LPCN 1148 (n=15) or placebo (n=14). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Primary endpoint analysis demonstrated an increase in L3-SMI in the LPCN 1148 group (n=15) compared to placebo (n=10), with a mean group difference of 4.4 cm2/m2 (95% CI, 1.3-7.4 cm2/m2, p=0.007). Participants in LPCN 1148 experienced fewer episodes of overt HE (CTCAE grade ≥2; p=0.02) than placebo. The number and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events were similar between arms. Conclusions: LPCN 1148 treatment improved sarcopenia and reduced the number of overt HE episodes in men with cirrhosis and sarcopenia awaiting liver transplant. These findings support additional research on the efficacy of LPCN 1148 in treating sarcopenia and preventing HE recurrence.