Elevated postoperative systemic immune-inflammation index associates with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a large-scale cohort study.

Objective: To investigate whether postoperative systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery.

Methods: We included patients undergoing cardiac surgery from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-Ⅳ database to conduct a retrospective cohort study. The outcomes are AKI, severe AKI, and 30-day mortality after cardiac surgery. Analytical techniques including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the association between SII and outcomes. Sensitivity analyses using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and the E-value were conducted to validate the stability of the results.

Results: 3,799 subjects were included in this study. We used ROC to calculate an optimal cutoff value for predicting AKI after cardiac surgery, and subsequently patients were divided into two groups based on the cutoff value (Low SII: ≤ 949 × 10⁹/L; High SII: > 949 × 10⁹/L). ROC showed moderately good performance of SII for predicting AKI, while RCS also indicated a positive association between SII and AKI. The multivariate logistic analysis further affirmed the heightened risk of AKI in patients in the high SII group (OR, 5.33; 95%CI, 4.34-6.53; P < 0.001). Similar associations were observed between SII and severe AKI. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses indicated the robustness of the findings.

Conclusion: Elevated SII was independently associated with a higher risk of AKI in adults undergoing cardiac surgery. The potential causal relationship between postoperative SII and cardiac surgery associated AKI warrants prospective research.