Trend of Pediatric Tracheostomy in Taiwan: A Population-Based Survey from 2000 to 2019.

Background: The outcomes of recent advancements in pediatric tracheostomy remain unclear. This study was conducted to identify the trends in pediatric tracheostomy in Taiwan.

Methods: This population-based survey was conducted using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. We identified inpatients younger than 18 years who had undergone tracheostomy in Taiwan between 2000 and 2019. The study period was divided into subperiods (2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2019). We analyzed patient characteristics and trends related to age, gender, hospital level, surgical indications, hospital stay duration, and mortality rates. The trends were analyzed for all pediatric patients (age <18 years) and infants (age <1 year).

Results: This study included 2465 pediatric patients (mean age: 8.7 ± 6.9 years; boys: 64%). The incidence of pediatric tracheostomy decreased from 3.3 events per 100,000 individuals in 2000 to 2.1 events per 100,000 individuals in 2019 (P for trend < .001). The proportion of infants who received tracheostomy increased from 22.8% in 2000-2004 to 32.5% in 2015-2019 (P for trend = .06). The proportion of pediatric patients who received tracheostomy at medical centers increased and those at regional hospitals or district hospitals decreased (74.7%-81.0% vs 25.3%-19.0%, P for trend = .003). The proportion of pediatric patients with trauma or brain injury as a surgical indication decreased from 36.6% to 28.7% (P for trend = .001). The duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stays increased from 30 days in 2000-2004 to 50 days in 2015-2019 (P for trend < .001), and that of hospital stay increased from 58 days in 2000-2004 to 71 days in 2015-2019 (P for trend = .001). The 5-year mortality rate slightly decreased from 38.0% in 2000-2004 to 33.3% in 2005-2009 and 31.0% in 2010-2014 (P for trend = .006).

Conclusions: Our findings revealed that during the study period, the number of pediatric patients receiving tracheostomy decreased, but the proportion of infants receiving tracheostomy increased. The trends in pediatric tracheostomy indicated extended ICU stay, prolonged hospital stay, and reduced 5-year mortality rates.