Harnessing potential COX-2 engagement for boosting anticancer activity of substituted 2-mercapto-4(3H)-quinazolinones with promising EGFR/VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities.

We designed and synthesized new quinazolinone-tethered phenyl thiourea/thiadiazole derivatives 4-26. Based on their structural characteristics, these compounds were proposed to have a multi-target mode of action for their anticancer activities. Using the MTT assay method, antiproliferative effects were assessed against three human cancer cell lines (HEPG-2, MCF-7, and HCT-116). In vitro assessment for enzymatic inhibitory activity of the most active compounds 4, 9 and 20 was done for EGFR, VEGFR-2 and COX-2 as potential targets. The screened compounds showed low micromolar IC₅₀ inhibitory effects against the three targets. Compound 9 demonstrated similar EGFR/VEGFR-2 inhibitory effect to the control drugs and potential inhibitory activity for COX-2 enzyme. In MCF-7 cells, the most active analog 9 caused 41.02% total apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Taken as a whole, the findings of this study provide significant new understandings into the relationship between COX inhibition and cancer therapy. Furthermore, the outcomes showcased the encouraging efficacy of these compounds with a multi-target mechanism, making them excellent choices for additional research and development into possible anticancer drug.