Beyond NT-proBNP: Circulating Protein Biomarkers for Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is largely co-morbid with heart failure (HF), worsening prognosis in patients with ventricular dysfunction. Treating AF through ablation can improve outcomes and reduce the transition to end-stage HF, highlighting the importance of early recognition in patients with ventricular dysfunction. Circulating NT-proBNP is a well-known biomarker for AF in patients with ventricular dysfunction, however, large individual variability limits its predictive power and therefore utility. With the rise of high-throughput proteomics in the era of precision medicine, novel and stable biomarkers may be identified with the potential to improve risk stratification, detection, and management.