Unlocking new Frontiers: The cellular and molecular impact of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on central nervous system (CNS) disorders and peripheral nerve injuries (PNI)

Neurological disorders encompassing both central nervous system (CNS) diseases and peripheral nerve injuries (PNI), represent significant challenges in modern clinical practice. Conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injuries, and carpal tunnel syndrome can cause debilitating impairments, leading to reduced quality of life and placing a heavy burden on healthcare systems. Current treatment strategies, including pharmacological interventions and surgical procedures, often yield limited results, and many patients experience suboptimal outcomes or treatment-associated risks. In light of these limitations, there is a growing interest in exploring non-invasive therapeutic alternatives. Among these, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has eme rged as a promising modality, demonstrating efficacy in musculoskeletal conditions and gaining attention for its potential role in neurological disorders. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ESWT, focusing on its therapeutic applications in CNS diseases and PNI, thereby shedding light on its potential to revolutionize the treatment landscape for neurological conditions.