Effects of MMP2 and its inhibitor TIMP2 on DNA damage, apoptosis and senescence of human lens epithelial cells induced by oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress-induced lens epithelial cells (LECs) death plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis of age-related cataract (ARC), causing significant visual impairment. Apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells mediated by MMP2 is linked to DNA damage. The current study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of MMP2 in DNA damage, apoptosis and senescence of lens epithelial cells caused by oxidative stress. HLE-B3 cells were treated with different doses of H₂O₂ for 24 h, and CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability. Furthermore, western blotting was used to detect the expressions of MMP2, Bcl2, Bax, cleaved caspase3, γ-H2AX, p16, p21, and TIMP2. DCFH-DA staining was used to assess ROS levels. Moreover, EdU staining was used to detect cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Then, 15A3 immunofluorescence staining and γ-H2AX staining were used to detect DNA damage. In addition, SA-β-gal staining was used to observe cell senescence. The present findings suggest that oxidative stress triggers damage to LECs viability and elevates the expression of MMP2. Furthermore, MMP2 interference attenuates H₂O₂-induced active damage, apoptosis, DNA damage, and cellular senescence in LECs. Additionally, TIMP2 expression is down-regulated in H₂O₂-induced LECs, which suppresses the expression of MMP2 induced by H₂O₂. These findings highlight the crucial role of MMP2 and TIMP2 in the modulation of oxidative stress-induced cellular responses in LECs. Collectively, TIMP2 alleviates H₂O₂-induced lens epithelial cell viability damage, apoptosis, DNA damage and cell senescence in LECs by inhibiting MMP2.