从人畜共患病的角度看隐孢子虫病:隐孢子虫病的现状、风险因素、病理生理学和治疗,尤其是对免疫力低下患者的治疗。

IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Journal of Tropical Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1155/2024/6439375
Thivya Balendran, Devika Iddawela, Sajanee Lenadora
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引用次数: 0

摘要

隐孢子虫感染在获得性免疫缺陷综合征、癌症、原发性免疫缺陷和器官移植受者等免疫力低下的患者中非常普遍。对隐孢子虫感染的全面了解为有效诊断、治疗和预防提供了手段。因此,为了深入分析免疫力低下患者的隐孢子虫病,本综述全面介绍了隐孢子虫感染的流行率、风险因素、病理生理学、免疫力低下患者的临床表现、宿主的免疫反应、实验室诊断方法、可能的治疗方法和预防方法,可供进一步研究使用。我们在 PubMed、ResearchGate、Google Scholar 和 ScienceDirect 数据库中使用特定关键词搜索了经同行评审、已发表的有关免疫力低下患者隐孢子虫病的原创文章。截至 2023 年 8 月 18 日可检索到的文章均被纳入本综合综述。我们分析了有关人体免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合症(HIV/AIDS)、癌症、原发性免疫缺陷和器官移植受者等免疫力低下患者体内隐孢子虫的报告。134 根据隐孢子虫的致病机理、病理生理学和毒力因素以及宿主的免疫学,本研究总结了描述流行病学、相关风险因素、临床表现、诊断和可能治疗方法的文章。确定了有效的治疗方法、重要性和预防方法。研究发现,在亚洲、非洲、欧洲和北美,隐孢子虫感染在免疫力低下的人群中非常普遍。宿主的免疫力和 CD4+ T 细胞数量的减少是决定感染易感性和严重程度的主要因素。激活宿主免疫力和抑制隐孢子虫生长的药物以及支持疗法是一种有效的治疗方法。但对于免疫力低下的患者来说,预防是最有效的策略;因此,更好地了解该疾病将有助于有效预防。
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Cryptosporidiosis in a Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Disorder Perspective: Present Status, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, and Treatment, Particularly in Immunocompromised Patients.

Cryptosporidium infection is highly prevalent among immunocompromised patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, cancer, primary immunodeficiency, and organ transplant recipients. Comprehensive knowledge about Cryptosporidium infection provides the means for efficient diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Therefore, with the objective of providing an in-depth analysis of Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients, this review presents a comprehensive understating of the prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiology of Cryptosporidium infection, clinical presentation in the immunocompromised, the immune response of the host, diagnostic methods performed in laboratory settings, possible treatments, and prevention methods, which can be used for further studies. Peer-reviewed, published, original articles on cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients were searched using specific key-words on PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. Articles which were accessible to the date of 18th of August 2023, were included in this comprehensive review. We analyzed reports on Cryptosporidium in immunocompromised patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), cancer, primary immunodeficiency, and organ transplant recipients. 134 Articles describing epidemiology, related risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and possible treatments in the light of pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and virulence factors of Cryptosporidium and immunology of the host are summarized in this study. Effective treatments to be administered, importance, and ways of prevention were identified. Cryptosporidium infection was found to be highly prevalent among immunocompromised in Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America. The immunity of the host and the decrease in CD4+ T-cell count were found to the main factors which decide the susceptibility and the severity of infection. Drugs that activate host immunity and suppress Cryptosporidium growth, along with supportive therapy, is an effective treatment. But prevention is the most effective strategy for immunocompromised patients; thus, a better understanding about the disease would lead to effective prevention.

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来源期刊
Journal of Tropical Medicine
Journal of Tropical Medicine Immunology and Microbiology-Parasitology
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
4.50%
发文量
0
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Tropical Medicine is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies on all aspects of tropical diseases. Articles on the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of tropical diseases, parasites and their hosts, epidemiology, and public health issues will be considered. Journal of Tropical Medicine aims to facilitate the communication of advances addressing global health and mortality relating to tropical diseases.
期刊最新文献
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