Effects of an anti-inflammatory diet (AID) on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in pregnant Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with infliximab (IFX).

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an anti-inflammatory diet (AID) combined with Infliximab (IFX) therapy on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in pregnant Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: IBD patients treated with steady IFX maintenance therapy at the time of conception were randomly assigned to either the IBD-AID group (n = 49), which received an anti-inflammatory diet intervention during the third trimester, or the habitual diet group (n = 49). Primary outcomes included assessments of disease activity, inflammatory markers, and neonatal health. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in infants.

Results: The IBD-AID intervention significantly reduced disease activity scores in IBD patients at 4 weeks post-intervention and 1 month postpartum compared to the habitual diet group, and also improved HRQoL. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin (FC) levels were significantly lower in the IBD-AID group at these times, with a trend towards lower levels at 6 months postpartum. Birth weight and Apgar scores were higher in the IBD-AID group but did not reach statistical significance. The incidence of at least one FGID in infants was significantly lower in the IBD-AID group (24.5%) compared to the habitual diet group (46.9%, p = 0.034).

Conclusion: The IBD-AID intervention combined with IFX therapy significantly improved disease activity, inflammatory markers, and QoL in maternal IBD patients, and was associated with a lower incidence of FGIDs in infants, indicating benefits for both maternal and neonatal health.