麻疹后急性咽喉发育不全:罕见病例报告和文献综述。

Q4 Medicine West African journal of medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-10
S I Ozhe, F A Obebe, G E Offo, J A Isaac, D D Shwe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要/引言:咽后括约肌功能不全(VPI)是指咽后括约肌不能闭合,咽后括约肌由软腭肌肉和咽上收缩肌组成,在发音和吞咽时起到分离鼻咽和口咽的作用。VPI 多为先天性/综合症(结构性缺陷),但也可能是后天形成的。后天性 VPI 的一个子集发生在结构完整的咽喉部,已在儿童中得到描述,这些 VPI 是孤立的、急性发作的,其中很大一部分被认为是由感染引起的。迄今为止,有一例报告的病因是麻疹。本报告旨在让人们认识到 VPI 可能是一种罕见的麻疹后并发症:病例报告:一名两岁女童在麻疹发作两周后突然出现鼻腔反流、流鼻涕和吞咽困难。她以前从未出现过这些症状,最近也没有做过咽喉手术。经系统复查,并无诱因。经检查,她面容憔悴,无畸形特征;不发热,面色苍白,全身皮肤呈褐色鳞片状脱屑。当她喝水时,鼻腔内有液体反流。口腔/咽部检查未发现结构性缺陷,但她的吞咽反射消失,双侧腭麻痹(表明舌咽神经和迷走神经麻痹)。所有其他神经系统和全身检查结果均正常。治疗采取保守疗法,使用鼻胃管喂食。21 天后,她完全康复,神经功能完全恢复。六个月的随访结果显示,该病没有复发或进展迹象:本报告进一步证明了麻疹是急性孤立性 VPI 的传染病因之一。麻疹的这种不寻常表现的拟议机制是病毒直接损伤神经元,因为它具有神经刺激性;以及自身免疫性神经元损伤。尽管麻疹发病率很高,但这种麻疹后并发症却很罕见,其原因仍有待阐明。
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POST-MEASLES ACUTE VELOPHARYNGEAL INCOMPETENCE: A RARE CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE.

Summary/introduction: Velopharyngeal incompetence(VPI) is the failure of closure of the velopharyngeal sphincter, which consists of the muscles of the soft palate and the superior pharyngeal constrictor, and functions to separate the nasopharynx and oropharynx during phonation and swallowing. VPI is most frequently congenital/syndromic (with structural deficit) but can be acquired. A subset of acquired VPI, occurring in structurally intact velopharynx, has been described in children, and these are isolated and acute-onset, with a substantial proportion thought to have an infectious origin. So far measles was identified to be the aetiology in one reported case. This report aims to create awareness that VPI could be a rare post-measles complication.

Case report: A two-year-old female who, two weeks after a measles episode, developed sudden-onset nasal regurgitation, rhinolalia, and dysphagia. She had never experienced these symptoms before and has not had any recent throat surgeries. The review of systems was not contributory. On examination, she was ill-looking with no dysmorphic features; was not febrile or pale, and had generalized brownish-scaly, desquamating skin lesions. Nasal regurgitation of liquids was observed when she drank. Oral/oropharyngeal examination revealed no structural defects but she had absent gag reflex with bilateral palatal paralysis (indicating Glossopharyngeal and Vagus nerve palsies). All other neurological and systemic findings were normal. Management was conservative with a Nasogastric tube for feeding. She made a complete recovery with total restoration of neurologic functions after 21 days. Six-month follow-up revealed no recurrence or signs of progression.

Conclusion: This report adds to the evidence that measles is one of the infectious causes of acute-onset isolated VPI. The proposed mechanisms underlying this unusual manifestation of measles are direct viral neuronal injury given its neurotropic nature; and autoimmune neuronal injury. The reason for the rarity of this post-measles complication despite the high incidence of measles remains to be elucidated.

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West African journal of medicine
West African journal of medicine Medicine-Medicine (all)
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