Advancements and Applications of Three-dimensional Printing Technology in Surgery.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has revolutionized surgical practices, offering precise solutions for planning, education, and patient care. Surgeons now wield tangible, patient-specific 3D models derived from imaging data, allowing for meticulous presurgical planning. These models enhance surgical precision, reduce operative times, and minimize complications, ultimately improving patient outcomes. The technology also serves as a powerful educational tool, providing hands-on learning experiences for medical professionals and clearer communication with patients and their families. Despite its advantages, challenges such as model accuracy and material selection exist. Ongoing advancements, including bioactive materials and artificial intelligence integration, promise to further enhance 3D printing's impact. The future of 3D printing in surgery holds potential for regenerative medicine, increased global accessibility, and collaboration through telemedicine. Interdisciplinary collaboration between medical and engineering fields is crucial for responsible and innovative use of this technology.