Risk factors for urinary retention after robot-assisted radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder diversion: a multicenter study.

To determine risk factors for urinary retention (UR) after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RALC) with orthotopic neobladder diversion. A total of 269 patients who underwent RALC with orthotopic neobladder diversion from 2008 to 2019 at seven tertiary hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. There were 68 patients who had UR (UR arm) and 201 patients who did not have UR (no-UR arm). UR was defined as voiding dysfunction without catheterization or more than 100 mL of residual urine after voiding. Preoperative demographics, perioperative factors, pathology outcomes, and postoperative complications of UR and no-UR arms were compared and predictors of UR were identified. Among demographic factors, only gender proportion showed a difference, with male proportion being significantly lower in the UR arm than in the no-UR arm (81% vs 92%, p = 0.010). For perioperative outcomes, anastomosis site stricture (27% vs 11%, p = 0.003) and length of hospital stays (23 days vs. 19 days, p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the UR arm than in the no-UR arm. In multiple logistic regression analysis, female (OR 3.32, 95% CI: 1.43-7.72) and body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00-1.20) were UR predictors. UR after RALC with orthotopic neobladder diversion is significantly increased in females. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified female and BMI elevation as UR predictors.