The crucial role of 5G, 6G, and fiber in robotic telesurgery.

This paper explores the role of 5G-and future 6G networks-in advancing robotic telesurgery by minimizing latency and enhancing data reliability for real-time remote operations. With robotic telesurgery gaining prominence as a tool to democratize access to specialized surgical care, telecommunications infrastructure has become central to its feasibility and safety. Key elements include 5G's capacity for ultra-low latency and high data transfer rates, which support critical modalities such as kinesthetic, audiovisual, and tactile feedback in telesurgery. The paper outlines the differing latency demands of these modalities, noting that kinesthetic data are particularly sensitive, requiring ultra-low latency for effective surgeon feedback. In addition, the paper discusses the importance of network reliability and Quality-of-Service (QoS) agreements, alongside the potential for 6G networks to further reduce latency and integrate AI-driven predictive analytics. These advancements are positioned to not only broaden telesurgery's reach but also to enhance the precision and safety of procedures, setting the stage for a new paradigm in remote surgical care.