Transient receptor potential channels in viral infectious diseases: Biological characteristics and regulatory mechanisms.

Background: Viral infectious diseases have long posed a challenge to humanity. In recent decades, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have emerged as newly investigated cation channels. Increasing evidence suggests that TRP channel-mediated Ca²⁺ homeostasis disruptions, along with associated pathological changes, are critical factors in the onset and progression of viral infectious diseases. However, the precise roles and mechanisms of TRP channels in these diseases remain to be systematically elucidated.

Aim of review: The aim of this review is to systematically summarize recent advances in understanding TRP channels in viral infections, and based on current progress and challenges, propose future directions for research.

Key scientific concepts of review: This review summarizes the classification and biological functions of the TRP family, explores the mechanisms by which TRP channels contribute to viral infections, and highlights specific mechanisms at three levels: virus, host, and outcome. These include the direct role in viral biology and replication, the indirect role in host immunity and inflammation, and the resulting pathological changes. Additionally, we discuss the potential applications of the TRP family in the treatment of viral infectious diseases and propose future research directions.