White rice stem borer pest detection system using image-based convolution neural network

Preventing agricultural resource loss caused by pests remains a crucial issue. While technological advancements are being achieved, the current agricultural management methods and equipment have yet to meet the required level for precise pest control, a huge portion of the pest population analysis process is still conducted manually. As a solution to this issue, the development of a White Rice Stem Borer pest detection system has been conducted by applying Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technology to calculate the pest population count at the research location. This system has been specifically designed to detect the White Rice Stem Borer using available traps. The method involves training data from a direct dataset obtained from the field, categorized into two positive and negative classes of the White Stem Borer pests. Six models have been trained from this dataset, utilizing two different architectures. Out of the six trained models, four showed potential overfitting, one exhibited underfitting, and one model demonstrated optimal results. The highest accuracy in image detection achieved by the most optimal CNN model was 97.35%, with a training accuracy of 98.54%. This best-performing model utilized an architecture with three Convolution layers, 50 Epochs, and an automatic data split with an 80:20 training-validation data ratio. From the research findings, it is concluded that this study can assist in automatically analyzing the quantity of White Stem Borer pests in a specific area without directly counting the number of pests from existing traps. However, the study still encounters a limitation—the detection process still requires substantial server resources and cannot be directly processed on the Raspberry PI device installed in the trap. Consequently, the detection relies on transmitting image data from the field device to the server before the detection process can occur.