CAST: An innovative framework for Cross-dimensional Attention Structure in Transformers

Dominant Transformer-based approaches rely solely on attention mechanisms and their variations, primarily emphasizing capturing crucial information within the temporal dimension. For enhanced performance, we introduce a novel architecture for Cross-dimensional Attention Structure in Transformers (CAST), which presents an innovative approach in Transformer-based models, emphasizing attention mechanisms across both temporal and spatial dimensions. The core component of CAST, the cross-dimensional attention structure (CAS), captures dependencies among multivariable time series in both temporal and spatial dimensions. The Static Attention Mechanism (SAM) is incorporated to simplify and enhance multivariate time series forecasting performance. This integration effectively reduces complexity, leading to a more efficient model. CAST demonstrates robust and efficient capabilities in predicting multivariate time series, with the simplicity of SAM broadening its applicability to various tasks. Beyond time series forecasting, CAST also shows promise in CV classification tasks. By integrating CAS into pre-trained image models, CAST facilitates spatiotemporal reasoning. Experimental results highlight the superior performance of CAST in time series forecasting and its competitive edge in CV classification tasks.