Microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation of fungicidal and insecticidal agents for grain packaging and storage

Encapsulation technologies, including micro- and nanoencapsulation, provide innovative solutions to key challenges in food grain storage, insect and mold infestation, and nutrient loss. Methods like coacervation, spray drying, freeze-drying, electrospinning, solvent evaporation, and interfacial polymerization are commonly used to encapsulate the active ingredients. Encapsulation is particularly effective in prolonging the activity of pesticides and insecticides, enhancing the safety and quality of stored grains. These techniques ensure controlled release by enclosing active ingredients within protective shells, reducing the need for frequent applications. This approach improves food security and promotes sustainable agricultural practices by maintaining high-quality standards for food grains. This review explores the encapsulation technologies in-depth, emphasizing their role in addressing storage challenges and ensuring food security.