Associations Between Preoperative Inflammatory Indices and Residual or Recurrent Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Post Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure.

Background: High-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) is a precursor to invasive cervical cancer, necessitating effective management. While the Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) is a successful treatment, recurrence remains a significant concern. This study evaluates the predictive value of preoperative immune-inflammatory markers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), in assessing the risk of residual or recurrent CIN post-LEEP.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 423 women who underwent LEEP for CIN2/3 at Cangzhou Central Hospital between 2016 and 2020. Cox proportional hazards regression models with restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate linear and non-linear associations between immune-inflammatory indices and recurrence risk. Multivariate models were adjusted for confounding factors, and subgroup analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the associations. Threshold non-linear fitting and saturation effect analyses were also performed to identify inflection points influencing residual or recurrent disease risk.

Results: Significant differences in age, menopausal status, TCT results, HPV status, degrees of CIN and margin status were observed between recurrence and non-recurrence groups. NLR demonstrated a U-shaped relationship with recurrence risk, with a threshold effect. NLR values below 3.15 were associated with a reduced recurrence risk, while higher values increased the risk. PLR and SII showed a modest protective effect below their respective thresholds.

Conclusion: Systemic inflammation plays a key role in CIN recurrence following LEEP. NLR serves as a valuable prognostic marker, highlighting the potential for personalised follow-up strategies. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.