Modern agricultural breakthroughs made using metal-based nanoparticles: an environmentally friendly strategy

Scientists have focused more on the role of metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) in sustainable agriculture. MNPs such as silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), cupper (Cu), iron (Fe), and titanium (Ti) nanoparticles and their oxides like FeO₂, CuO, TiO₂, and Al₂O₃ have been frequently utilised in agricultural fields. Green synthesis methods use nano-biotechnological advancements to minimize metal salts and stabilize MNPs. Conventional agriculture uses lots of fertilizers and chemicals that harm the environment. Sustainable agriculture protects many species and the ecosystem by using few agrochemicals. Sustainable agriculture includes low-input methods with lower production costs and higher net returns. Nanotechnology can improve agricultural inputs’ performance by using nanoparticles, protecting agro-ecosystems’ long-term growth. Nano-agrochemicals include nano-carrier systems coated with agrochemicals, nanopesticides, nanofertilizers, nanoherbicides, and other products. These products can improve crop productivity, prevent plant diseases, and eliminate weeds and insects to save money and energy and reduce waste. This review article covers the latest advances in MNPs for ecologically friendly agricultural nanotechnology and their potential for sustainable crop production, protection, and management.