The improved saturation model in the nuclei

We consider the nuclear shadowing in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) corresponding to kinematic regions accessible by future experiments at electron–ion colliders. The gluon distribution at small x is obtained using an improved dipole model which depends on the impact parameter for the atomic nucleus and is compared with nCETQ15 parametrisation group. The nuclear shadowing at small x is defined within the colour dipole formalism with respect to the mass number A. Its behaviour is predicted for light nuclei in a wide range of the impact parameter b and the transverse dipole size r. The nuclear saturation can be observed at large-r (small \(\mu ^2\)). The behaviour of the nuclear ratio \(\sigma ^{A}_{\textrm{dip}}/\sigma _{0}\) using our model is similar to the Golec–Biernat–W\(\ddot{\textrm{u}}\)sthoff (GBW) model in a wide range of r for light and heavy nuclei at small x.