Synthetic ion channels in biomembranes.

Ion transport across cell membranes is crucial in maintaining ion homeostasis in cells. Synthetic molecules that can mimic the functions of natural ion channel proteins would possess great potential as therapeutic agents by promoting apoptosis or interfering with autophagic processes through perturbing the intracellular pH or inducing oxidative and osmotic stresses. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms in terms of direct correlation between ion transport and biological functions. This review summarizes recent progress in the area of synthetic transmembrane ion transport systems, focusing on the channel type, with an emphasis on their bioapplications as anticancer agents.