需要预防因长时间工作和其他工作危害导致的高血压,以降低罹患心血管疾病的风险。

IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI:10.5271/sjweh.4196
Paul Landsbergis, Mahee Gilbert-Ouimet, Xavier Trudel, Grace Sembajwe, Peter Schnall, Marnie Dobson, Devan Hawkins, Marc Fadel, Alexis Descatha, Jian Li
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引用次数: 0

摘要

高血压是心血管疾病(CVD)的首要风险因素,而心血管疾病是导致全球死亡的主要原因。在美国等一些国家,高血压发病率和工作年龄段心血管疾病死亡率都在上升。心血管疾病也是全球最常见的工作相关疾病。长时间工作和工作中的其他社会心理压力是导致高血压和心血管疾病的重要可改变风险因素。然而,人们对工作相关高血压和心血管疾病的一级预防关注不够。目前最先进的血压(BP)测量方法是 24 小时动态血压(ABP),这是准确做出临床决策和评估血压升高风险因素所必需的。因此,应在工作场所筛查和监测计划(以及调查)中使用 ABP,以确定职业风险因素、高风险职称、工作场所和班次,并评估旨在改善工作组织的计划。例如,在加拿大魁北克省,对超过 2000 名公共部门白领工人进行了为期 30 个月的旨在降低工作中社会心理压力的组织干预后,干预组的血压和高血压患病率显著下降,而对照组没有变化,干预组和对照组之间存在显著差异。还需要进一步研究工作相关因素与高血压和心血管疾病的关联机制、未被充分研究的工作压力因素对心血管的影响、心血管疾病高风险工人群体、潜在的 "上游 "干预点以及工作条件、高血压和心血管疾病的国家差异。需要评估重要的组织干预措施,如集体谈判、工人合作社或立法和监管层面的干预措施。
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Prevention of hypertension due to long working hours and other work hazards is needed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Hypertension is the foremost risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death globally. In some countries, such as the US, the prevalence of hypertension and working-age CVD mortality are increasing. CVD is also the most common work-related disease worldwide. Long working hours and other psychosocial stressors at work are important modifiable risk factors for hypertension and CVD. However, there has been inadequate attention paid to the primary prevention of work-related hypertension and CVD. The state-of-the art method for blood pressure (BP) measurement is 24-hour ambulatory BP (ABP), necessary for accurate clinical decision making and to assess risk factors for BP elevation. Thus, ABP should be used in workplace screening and surveillance programs (along with surveys) to identify occupational risk factors, high-risk job titles, worksites and shifts, and evaluate programs designed to improve work organization. For example, after 30 months of an organizational intervention designed to lower psychosocial stressors at work among >2000 public sector white-collar workers in Quebec, Canada, BP and prevalence of hypertension significantly decreased in the intervention group, with no change in the control group, and a significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Further research is also needed on mechanisms linking work-related factors to hypertension and CVD, the cardiovascular effects of understudied work stressors, high-CVD risk worker groups, potential "upstream" intervention points, and country differences in working conditions, hypertension and CVD. Important organizational interventions, such as collective bargaining, worker cooperatives, or legislative and regulatory-level interventions, need to be evaluated.

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来源期刊
Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health
Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
9.50%
发文量
65
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The aim of the Journal is to promote research in the fields of occupational and environmental health and safety and to increase knowledge through the publication of original research articles, systematic reviews, and other information of high interest. Areas of interest include occupational and environmental epidemiology, occupational and environmental medicine, psychosocial factors at work, physical work load, physical activity work-related mental and musculoskeletal problems, aging, work ability and return to work, working hours and health, occupational hygiene and toxicology, work safety and injury epidemiology as well as occupational health services. In addition to observational studies, quasi-experimental and intervention studies are welcome as well as methodological papers, occupational cohort profiles, and studies associated with economic evaluation. The Journal also publishes short communications, case reports, commentaries, discussion papers, clinical questions, consensus reports, meeting reports, other reports, book reviews, news, and announcements (jobs, courses, events etc).
期刊最新文献
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