Understanding developmental progress in young children: Exploring demographic and dietary influences through a cross-sectional study

Background

Developmental surveillance is a crucial task aimed at monitoring and ensuring children's age-appropriate progression. However, demographics and dietary factors can significantly influence the developmental progress of young children.

Methods

We employed a cross-sectional study design, enrolling children aged 2–5 years from early childhood education settings. Their age-appropriate development was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires.

Results

Our study revealed that children demonstrated adequate development across all assessed domains. Notably, communication skills exhibited the highest mean score (Mean: 53.09, SD: 7.34) compared to other domains. Sex-based analysis revealed substantial disparities between young boys and girls, particularly in regard to fine motor and social-emotional skills, with differences exceeding 20 %. Additionally, fathers' education and socio-economic status were found to influence developmental outcomes. Fruit and vegetable consumption positively correlated with development, while dairy intake demonstrated a negative association.

Conclusion

This research underscores the significance of addressing developmental disparities related to sex and emphasises the necessity of investigating the role of the modern diet in child development, with specific attention to milk and dairy consumption.