Morphological and molecular characterization of Halamphoravantushpaensis (Bacillariophyceae, Amphipleuraceae), a new diatom species widely dispersed on the shores of the soda Lake Van (Türkiye).

In this study, we describe Halamphoravantushpaensis sp. nov., a newly identified diatom species found in the highly alkaline Lake Van in Eastern Turkey (Türkiye). This new species is characterized morphologically by light and scanning electron microscopy, performed on both wild and cultivated samples. Two monoclonal cultures were submitted to a genome-skimming approach, giving access to the complete sequence of their nuclear rRNA cluster of genes, mitochondrial and plastid genomes. Both strains were highly similar from the genomic point of view, with few mutations noted, although in organellar genomes some of them concerned protein coding genes and were non-silent. Also, the group II intron in the mitochondrial cox1 gene was found to display a relatively high number of polymorphisms. The plastome also distinguishes itself from other Halamphora spp. by the extension of its inverted repeat at the expense of the two single copy regions of the genome. Maximum likelihood molecular phylogeny inferred from a concatenated three genes dataset (18S, psbC and rbcL) positions this species within the K clade, which is known to contain hypersaline to freshwater species.