Yusuke Shiozawa, Keshab Raj Parajuli, Kenneth Pienta, Russell Taichman
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Role of Chemokines and Cytokines in Prostate Cancer Skeletal Metastasis.
Purpose of review: Once prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastases develop, the prognosis dramatically declines. The precise mechanisms regulating bone metastasis remain elusive. This review will explore recent findings related to cytokines and chemokines in the process of bone metastases.
Recent findings: We discuss the role of cytokines in tumor growth, invasion, bone remodelling and angiogenesis and immune regulation in PCa skeletal metastases. Major advances in our understanding focus on immune evasion, immune checkpoint blockade, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), CAR-T cells, cytokine regulation of matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines including IL-10, IL-27, Interferon-γ, prostate transmembrane protein androgen induced 1 (Pmepa1), and regulation of RUNX2 transcription in supporting survival and growth of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and metastases development. The review highlights the complexity of cytokine actions in PCa bone metastases, suggesting potential therapeutic targets to disrupt interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment.
期刊介绍：
This journal intends to provide clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts that review the most important, recently published clinical findings related to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of osteoporosis.
We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as current and future therapeutics, epidemiology and pathophysiology, and evaluation and management. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.
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