卡拜罗伊的铜:青铜时代的冶金术Mikró Vouní在萨莫色雷斯和它的米诺斯联系

IF 2.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI:10.1007/s12520-024-02110-5
Nerantzis Nerantzis, Dimitris Matsas
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引用次数: 0

摘要

史前定居点Mikró Vouní位于爱琴海东北部萨莫色雷斯岛的西南海岸。该遗址的地层序列从新石器时代晚期开始到青铜时代中期结束。它的重要性一直被强调,因为发现了米诺斯陶器和带有线形A题词的粘土迷你文件,表明该定居点与公元前18世纪的克里特宫殿(克诺索斯)有积极的联系。这次发掘产生了与青铜时代冶金有关的重要发现,即熔炉、模具、熔炉、坩埚和炉渣碎片,它们来自不同年代的几个背景,从EBA II到MBA III。值得注意的是,MBA II-III时期的冶金发现来自米诺斯或米诺斯化陶器和粘土的迷你文件,这些文件表明该遗址曾有米诺斯政府。对所有相关发现进行记录后,对坩埚和炉渣进行取样,并进行实验室分析。本文主要通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜/能谱分析对金属生产进行调查,旨在重建青铜时代早期和中期在该遗址发生的普遍过程。这些结果意义重大,因为它们提供了关于早期阶段砷铜生产技术复杂性的关键信息,以及锡青铜技术的引入,这很可能与现场的米诺斯互动有关。铜和锡的胶结和共熔炼的证据是迄今为止在爱琴海北部报道的最早的例子。正如米诺斯粘土文件的印鉴图像所表明的那样,米诺斯宫殿管理的宗教意识形态是一个鼓励北爱琴海及其他地区的金属制造和贸易的舞台。在这种情况下,萨莫色雷斯似乎很好地融入了长途交换网络,以采购锡,以维持青铜的工作实践,如Mikró Vouní的研究结果所表明的那样。冶金技术似乎与著名的铁匠之神Kabeiroi的神话故事产生了共鸣,Kabeiroi本质上与萨莫色雷斯的大神相同。
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Copper of the Kabeiroi: Bronze age metallurgy at Mikró Vouní on Samothrace and its Minoan connections

The prehistoric settlement of Mikró Vouní lies on the southwestern coast of the island of Samothrace in the northeastern Aegean. The site’s stratigraphic sequence spans from the beginning of the Late Neolithic to the end of the Middle Bronze Age. Its importance has been emphasized due to the finding of Minoan pottery and clay mini-documents with Linear A inscriptions, indicative of the active links the settlement held with a Cretan palace (Knossos) in the 18th century BCE. The excavation yielded important finds related to Bronze Age metallurgy, namely furnaces, moulds, tuyères, crucibles and pieces of slag deriving from several contexts of different chronological periods, spanning from EBA II to MBA III. Notably the metallurgical finds of the MBA II-III periods derive from contexts with Minoan or Minoanising pottery and clay mini-documents suggesting a Minoan administration at the site. Recording of all relevant finds was followed by sampling of crucibles and slags that were subjected to laboratory analysis. The current article focuses on an investigation of metal production with the application of optical microscopy and SEM/EDS analysis aiming to reconstruct the prevalent processes that took place at the site during the Early and Middle Bronze Age. The results are significant as they provide crucial information on the technical intricacies of arsenical copper production in the early stages and the introduction of tin bronze technology most probably associated with the Minoan interaction on site. Evidence for cementation and co-smelting of Cu and Sn ores represent the earliest examples so far reported for the north Aegean. As the iconography of the Minoan clay documents’ seal impressions indicates, religious ideology of the Minoan palatial administration appears as an arena for encouraging metal manufacturing and trading in the north Aegean and beyond. In this context, Samothrace appears well incorporated into long-distance exchange networks for the procurement of tin to sustain bronze working practices, as the findings from Mikró Vouní suggest. Metallurgical technology seems to resonate in mythic accounts of the well-known smith deities, the Kabeiroi, who were essentially the same divinities as the Great Gods of Samothrace.

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来源期刊
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
18.20%
发文量
199
期刊介绍: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences covers the full spectrum of natural scientific methods with an emphasis on the archaeological contexts and the questions being studied. It bridges the gap between archaeologists and natural scientists providing a forum to encourage the continued integration of scientific methodologies in archaeological research. Coverage in the journal includes: archaeology, geology/geophysical prospection, geoarchaeology, geochronology, palaeoanthropology, archaeozoology and archaeobotany, genetics and other biomolecules, material analysis and conservation science. The journal is endorsed by the German Society of Natural Scientific Archaeology and Archaeometry (GNAA), the Hellenic Society for Archaeometry (HSC), the Association of Italian Archaeometrists (AIAr) and the Society of Archaeological Sciences (SAS).
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