Juliana Vieira de Castro Mello, Raquel Machado Schincaglia, Pedro Gomes Andrade, Nadya Helena Alves-Santos, Dayana Rodrigues Farias, Natália Oliveira, Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda, Leticia Barroso Vertulli Carneiro, Paula Normando, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro, Gilberto Kac
{"title":"巴西5岁以下儿童中母亲受教育程度和儿童年龄的相互作用及其与超加工食品消费的关系：巴西全国儿童营养调查（ENANI-2019）的结果","authors":"Juliana Vieira de Castro Mello, Raquel Machado Schincaglia, Pedro Gomes Andrade, Nadya Helena Alves-Santos, Dayana Rodrigues Farias, Natália Oliveira, Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda, Leticia Barroso Vertulli Carneiro, Paula Normando, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro, Gilberto Kac","doi":"10.1111/jhn.13399","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has increased worldwide, including among children. Maternal schooling has been associated with children's UPF consumption. The present study examined the interaction between maternal schooling and child age in the association with UPF consumption in Brazilian children <5 years.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>The Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) is a household-based population survey of 14,558 children <5 years residing in 123 Brazilian municipalities. A structured questionnaire was used to quantify the consumption of nine groups of UPF, according to the NOVA classification, on the day before the interview. The mean, standard deviation and 95% CI for UPF consumption are presented. A multiple Poisson regression model was used, including an interaction between maternal schooling and child age, to estimate the predicted consumption of UPF.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>The prevalence of consumption of at least one UPF group was 81% in Brazilian children <5 years, with the most consumed UPFs being sweet or savoury biscuits/cookies (51.0%), sweetened beverages (37.5%), baby cereals (29.4%) and yogurt (28.1%). Children 6–11 months of age had a lower mean consumption of UPF when maternal schooling was >12 years (0.73 [95% CI: 0.48–0.98]) compared to those whose mothers had ≤7 years (1.55 [95% CI: 1.18–1.92]) and 8–11 years of schooling (1.40 [95% CI: 1.19–1.61]). The interaction model between maternal schooling and child age (p < 0.001) indicated that children of mothers with higher schooling had significantly lower consumption of UPF up to 8 months of age. However, no significant differences in consumption were observed thereafter.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>The child age modifies the association of maternal schooling on UPF consumption, that is, UPF consumption was lower for children up to 8 months when their mothers had higher schooling, whereas no significant results were found for older infants.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":54803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Maternal schooling and child's age interaction and its association with ultra-processed food consumption in Brazilian children <5 years of age: Results from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019)\",\"authors\":\"Juliana Vieira de Castro Mello, Raquel Machado Schincaglia, Pedro Gomes Andrade, Nadya Helena Alves-Santos, Dayana Rodrigues Farias, Natália Oliveira, Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda, Leticia Barroso Vertulli Carneiro, Paula Normando, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro, Gilberto Kac\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/jhn.13399\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has increased worldwide, including among children. Maternal schooling has been associated with children's UPF consumption. The present study examined the interaction between maternal schooling and child age in the association with UPF consumption in Brazilian children <5 years.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>The Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) is a household-based population survey of 14,558 children <5 years residing in 123 Brazilian municipalities. A structured questionnaire was used to quantify the consumption of nine groups of UPF, according to the NOVA classification, on the day before the interview. The mean, standard deviation and 95% CI for UPF consumption are presented. 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Maternal schooling and child's age interaction and its association with ultra-processed food consumption in Brazilian children <5 years of age: Results from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019)
Background
The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has increased worldwide, including among children. Maternal schooling has been associated with children's UPF consumption. The present study examined the interaction between maternal schooling and child age in the association with UPF consumption in Brazilian children <5 years.
Methods
The Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) is a household-based population survey of 14,558 children <5 years residing in 123 Brazilian municipalities. A structured questionnaire was used to quantify the consumption of nine groups of UPF, according to the NOVA classification, on the day before the interview. The mean, standard deviation and 95% CI for UPF consumption are presented. A multiple Poisson regression model was used, including an interaction between maternal schooling and child age, to estimate the predicted consumption of UPF.
Results
The prevalence of consumption of at least one UPF group was 81% in Brazilian children <5 years, with the most consumed UPFs being sweet or savoury biscuits/cookies (51.0%), sweetened beverages (37.5%), baby cereals (29.4%) and yogurt (28.1%). Children 6–11 months of age had a lower mean consumption of UPF when maternal schooling was >12 years (0.73 [95% CI: 0.48–0.98]) compared to those whose mothers had ≤7 years (1.55 [95% CI: 1.18–1.92]) and 8–11 years of schooling (1.40 [95% CI: 1.19–1.61]). The interaction model between maternal schooling and child age (p < 0.001) indicated that children of mothers with higher schooling had significantly lower consumption of UPF up to 8 months of age. However, no significant differences in consumption were observed thereafter.
Conclusions
The child age modifies the association of maternal schooling on UPF consumption, that is, UPF consumption was lower for children up to 8 months when their mothers had higher schooling, whereas no significant results were found for older infants.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing papers in applied nutrition and dietetics. Papers are therefore welcomed on:
- Clinical nutrition and the practice of therapeutic dietetics
- Clinical and professional guidelines
- Public health nutrition and nutritional epidemiology
- Dietary surveys and dietary assessment methodology
- Health promotion and intervention studies and their effectiveness
- Obesity, weight control and body composition
- Research on psychological determinants of healthy and unhealthy eating behaviour. Focus can for example be on attitudes, brain correlates of food reward processing, social influences, impulsivity, cognitive control, cognitive processes, dieting, psychological treatments.
- Appetite, Food intake and nutritional status
- Nutrigenomics and molecular nutrition
- The journal does not publish animal research
The journal is published in an online-only format. No printed issue of this title will be produced but authors will still be able to order offprints of their own articles.
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