Synthesis, characterization, and application of carbon black nanoparticles in the removal of methylene blue dye

In this work, efficient black carbon nanoparticles were prepared rubber under O₂ and Ar atmosphere for the removal of methylene blue (MB). The nanomaterials obtained were characterized using SEM, N₂ adsorption isotherms, XRD, EDS, TGA, DLS, RAMAN, FTIR, UV-Vis and cytotoxic test. Batch experiments were carried out to study the impact of the MB contact on adsorbates varying the contact time an MB initial concentration. The optimal fit was by pseudo-second-order model of the experimental data of the adsorption kinetics in both adsorbents. The BCNPO presents a greater rate of adsorption of 30 mg/L of MB at 9 min can be due to the greater surface area with respect to the 7.5 mg/L of MB on BCNPA. The isotherms adsorption of MB in adsorbents was fit at Langmuir and Freundlich models. The data demonstrated that physisorption mechanisms predominantly dictated both the rate and interaction adsorbate-adsorbent of the adsorption process. The results showed that both physisorption mechanisms controlled the adsorption rate and capacity. All the samples showed selectivity toward MB. The maximum efficiency of adsorption of MB was found to be 130 and 28 mg/g in BCNPO and BCNPA, respectively. The adsorbed amounts of MB on the BCNPO are greater than those on BCNPA; this result can be due to a larger surface area, pore diameter and the presence of the OH groups on the surface of the BCNPA sample rather than interaction with cationic of MB. Additionally, the viability of cells exposed toward BCNPO and BCNPA showed low toxicity that were important result for potential water remediation applications. The adsorption of MB dye on BCNPA and BCNPO is a spontaneous and exothermic process.