Groundwater environmental effects risk evaluation in mountain tunnel construction: A dynamic decision support system based on fuzzy two-dimensional cloud probability model

The underground water environment in mountain tunnels constitutes a complex system. During tunnel construction, the interaction between tunnel and underground water environment can lead to chain construction accidents and environmental damage. Identifying comprehensive risks of underground water environment effects and making rational decisions are crucial. Considering the diversity, complexity, uncertainty, and dynamics of groundwater environmental effects, this study develops a risk decision support system for tunnel construction. Firstly, to reflect the complexity and diversity of groundwater environmental effects, a disaster chain is established, and two indicator systems are extracted. Secondly, dynamic datasets are generated using a combination of expert system knowledge base and multi-source data fusion. Finally, based on the theories of fuzzy mathematic and two-dimensional cloud model, along with probabilistic algorithm, this study proposes a Fuzzy Two-Dimensional Cloud Probability Model (FTDCPM) to quantify the uncertainty of groundwater environmental effects. This engineering system can provide reference in similar projects.