Sex-related differences in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

This review aims to analyze sex-related differences in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS).

Methods

10 studies were retrieved from PubMed and Embase comparing outcomes between men and women admitted with AMI complicated by CS. Pooled log odds ratios (OR) were calculated for binary outcomes using the Mantel-Haenszel method, and Hedges' g with the inverse-variance method was used for continuous outcomes.

Results

The primary endpoints were in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality. The secondary endpoints were reinfarction rate, length of hospital stay (LOS), requirement of renal replacement therapy (RRT), and stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic). Males exhibited a lower risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 0.77, 95 % CI 0.69–0.85, I² = 97 %, p < 0.0001), 30-day mortality (OR 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.61–0.78, I² = 0 %, p < 0.0001) and stroke (OR 0.91, 95 % CI 0.87–0.95, I² = 36 %, p < 0.0001) compared to females. In contrast, males were more likely to require renal replacement therapy (RRT) (OR 1.27, 95 % CI 1.09–1.48, I² = 69 % p = 0.0017). However, there were no statistically significant differences between females and males in terms of reinfarction rate (OR 0.88, 95 % CI 0.66–1.18, I² = 56 %, p = 0.3936) or length of hospital stay during hospitalization (Hedges's g 0.35 days, 95 % CI -0.38–1.07, I² = 100 %, p = 0.34).

Conclusion

Females with AMI and CS have higher in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, and stroke risk than men. Men are more likely to require RRT. Further research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms and improve outcomes for both genders.