Advanced mechanisms and applications of microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon-based materials: a brief review

The interaction of microwave radiation with carbon-based materials induces rapid, instantaneous heating. When combined with the plasma excitation capabilities of microwaves, this property presents novel avenues for synthesizing carbon-based materials that require high temperatures and catalytic activity. This review investigates the response of carbon-based materials to microwave radiation, analyzes the dielectric loss mechanism responsible for heat generation, and details the microwave plasma excitation mechanisms employed in the synthesis and processing of carbon-based materials. Furthermore, the structure of microwave reactors is discussed, followed by a discussion of their diverse applications in both laboratory and industrial settings. Lastly, the review addresses the challenges associated with the practical implementation of microwave technology and explores future development prospects, with a particular focus on the application of microwaves in carbon-based material synthesis.