Predictors of recent mental health service utilization among firearm-owning US service members with high levels of psychological distress.

Introduction: Service members with mental health difficulties and access to a firearm are at an increased risk for suicide. Mental healthcare providers are well-positioned to discuss firearms and create safety plans; however, many service members do not seek treatment. This study aims to identify potential sociodemographic predictors of recent mental healthcare utilization among firearm-owning service members who report past month distress.

Methods: The sample included 268 US military service members. Participants reported whether they attended at least one behavioral health visit in the 3 months prior to participation.

Results: Females, individuals of a racial background other than Black or White, older individuals, and those who have never been active-duty were more likely to have attended a session. Additionally, the likelihood of utilization was higher among those who reported past week wish to die and suicidal behaviors in the past year.

Conclusion: While certain service members are less likely to have utilized mental healthcare, findings suggest that those with suicidal ideation and access to a firearm are likely to engage in at least one appointment. As such, providing mental healthcare providers with training and resources for promoting secure firearm storage is an important avenue for suicide prevention.