Modified basilic vein transposition surgery for vascular access: Lengthening the basilic vein.

Objectives: Basilic vein transposition (BVT) surgery is a crucial option for vascular access in hemodialysis patients when other alternatives are unavailable. One of the primary complications affecting the long-term function of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) is the development of pseudoaneurysms, often caused by repeated punctures at the same site. This study aims to evaluate whether increasing the length of the basilic vein available for cannulation during the second stage of BVT surgery reduces the risk of puncture-related pseudoaneurysms, thereby improving fistula longevity and functionality.

Methods: We selected 39 hemodialysis patients unsuitable for cephalic vein AVF creation or who had failed brachiocephalic fistulas. Eligibility criteria included a basilic vein diameter of more than 2.5 mm with appropriate venous anatomy confirmed via ultrasound. In the first stage of surgery, the median basilic vein was anastomosed to the superior surface of the brachial artery. One month later, once the vein had matured (diameter ≥4 mm), a second stage was performed, which involved liberating an extended segment of the basilic vein down to the forearm. The basilic vein was then anastomosed end-to-end with the median basilic vein to increase the cannulation area. Patients were followed for 1 year to evaluate outcomes.

Results and conclusions: All 39 patients successfully underwent the modified BVT technique. Over the 1-year follow-up period, none experienced significant AVF complications, particularly pseudoaneurysm formation. By increasing the usable length of the basilic vein for cannulation, multiple puncture sites were available, reducing the risk of repeated needle insertions at the same site. The modified BVT technique shows promise in reducing the risk of pseudoaneurysm formation and improving AVF patency, potentially enhancing the longevity and functionality of AVFs in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of this technique in larger patient populations.