Exploring the complexities of cleidocranial dysplasia: Dental anomalies and treatment interventions.

Introduction: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a genetic disorder characterized by distinctive oral manifestations, making dental anomalies a key diagnostic criterion and treatment focus.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 32 patients diagnosed with CCD with detailed dental records (19 males and 13 females; mean age, 20.5 years). The detailed characteristics of impacted permanent teeth and supernumerary teeth were analyzed, and treatment considerations and outcomes for the abnormal dentition were summarized.

Results: Among permanent teeth, 43.53% were impacted. A significant variation in the likelihood of tooth impaction was observed depending on the tooth position. On the basis of nonlinear regression analysis, this study identified a clear trend correlating the probability of impacted teeth with the sequence of permanent tooth eruption, with this probability exhibiting a distinct increase followed by a decrease (with R² values in female and male patients of 0.65 and 0.84, respectively). In addition, 27 patients (84.4%) had supernumerary teeth, with 206 supernumerary teeth identified, predominantly of the supplemental premolar type (75.73%). There was a correlation between the morphology of supplemental teeth and their locations in the dentition. Among 10 patients with follow-up periods of >2 years, 117 impacted teeth were recorded, 61 teeth were involved in the treatment, 16 (26.23%) erupted after the extraction of retained deciduous or supernumerary teeth, and 33 teeth (54.10%) were successfully erupted through orthodontic traction. However, orthodontic treatment requires an extended period, and the periodontal conditions of treated teeth may require long-term maintenance.

Conclusions: This study reveals a potential relationship between tooth impaction and the sequence of tooth eruption. It also distinguishes the distribution and morphologic characteristics of supernumerary teeth in patients with CCD from those in the general population. In addition, by analyzing clinical data, this study provides a summary of treatment considerations and outcomes for abnormal dentition in patients with CCD.