SARS-CoV-2的病理生理和疫苗接种后严重程度:系统综述

IF 3.3 4区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Immunologic Research Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI:10.1007/s12026-024-09553-x
Vanshika Rustagi, Shradheya R R Gupta, Chandni Talwar, Archana Singh, Zhen-Zhu Xiao, Rahul Jamwal, Kiran Bala, Akash Kumar Bhaskar, Shekhar Nagar, Indrakant K Singh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目前,经过4年的流行,COVID-19仍在肆虐,每个月都有数百万病例和数千人死亡。该病毒可影响其他主要器官系统,包括胃肠道(GIT)、心血管、中枢神经系统、肾脏和肝胆系统。SARS-CoV-2导致的器官功能障碍可能归因于一种或多种机制,如直接病毒毒性、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的破坏、血栓形成、免疫失调和血管炎引起的缺血性损伤。SARS-CoV-2疫苗有效降低了疾病的严重程度、住院率和死亡率。截至2024年10月,已接种135.8亿剂疫苗,平均每天接种6959剂。此外,在初次免疫后以同源和异源方式给予增强剂。这些疫苗造成了严重的潜在健康副作用,如血管凝血或阻塞,称为动脉或静脉血栓形成,神经细胞的自身免疫性损伤(格林-巴罗综合征;GBS)、凝血系统的强烈激活(疫苗诱导的血栓性血小板减少症)、急性缺血性中风(AIS)和脑静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)、心肌炎、心包炎和肾小球疾病。总的来说,必须强调的是,COVID-19疫苗接种的显著益处远远超过疾病的低风险。基于mrna的疫苗技术已成为一种可快速部署的候选疫苗和现有疫苗的可行替代品。由系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目、疫苗不良事件报告系统(VAERS)、世卫组织疾控中心批准的黄卡所代表的数据证实,它具有极低的不良健康影响的可能性。
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SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and post-vaccination severity: a systematic review.

Currently, COVID-19 is still striking after 4 years of prevalence, with millions of cases and thousands of fatalities being recorded every month. The virus can impact other major organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), cardiovascular, central nervous system, renal, and hepatobiliary systems. The resulting organ dysfunction from SARS-CoV-2 may be attributed to one or a combination of mechanisms, such as direct viral toxicity, disruptions in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), thrombosis, immune dysregulation, and ischemic injury due to vasculitis. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines effectively reduce the severity of the disease, hospitalizations, and mortality. As of October 2024, 13.58 billion vaccine doses have been administered, with an average of 6959 daily doses. Also, the boosters are given after the primary immunization in a homologous and heterologous manner. The vaccines imposed severe potential health side effects such as clotting or obstruction of blood vessels termed arterial or venous thrombosis, autoimmune damage of nerve cells (Guillain-Barré syndrome; GBS), intense activation of coagulation system (vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia), acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), myocarditis, pericarditis, and glomerular disease. Overall, it is essential to highlight that the significant benefits of COVID-19 vaccination far outweigh the low risk of conditions. mRNA-based vaccine technology has emerged as a rapidly deployable vaccine candidate and a viable alternative to existing vaccines. It has a very low probability of adverse health effects, confirmed by data represented by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), Yellow card approved under CDC, WHO.

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来源期刊
Immunologic Research
Immunologic Research 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
83
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH represents a unique medium for the presentation, interpretation, and clarification of complex scientific data. Information is presented in the form of interpretive synthesis reviews, original research articles, symposia, editorials, and theoretical essays. The scope of coverage extends to cellular immunology, immunogenetics, molecular and structural immunology, immunoregulation and autoimmunity, immunopathology, tumor immunology, host defense and microbial immunity, including viral immunology, immunohematology, mucosal immunity, complement, transplantation immunology, clinical immunology, neuroimmunology, immunoendocrinology, immunotoxicology, translational immunology, and history of immunology.
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