对职业男子足球（橄榄球）肩关节脱臼的系统视频分析：受伤机制、情景和运动模式

IF 2 Q2 ORTHOPEDICS Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI:10.1002/jeo2.70121

Kristian Nikolaus Schneider, Tim Schachtrup, Georg Gosheger, Mirkka Lynn Hiort, Blanca Julie Degener, Theodoros Zafeiris, Christoph Theil

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的：职业足球运动员肩关节脱臼是一种严重的损伤，发病率越来越高，并且有相当长的停赛时间。与其他足球损伤不同，导致肩部脱臼的机制尚不清楚，这限制了有针对性的预防措施的发展。因此，本研究的目的是：(1)分析职业足球中肩部脱臼的损伤机制，(2)评估情境，(3)通过进行系统的视频分析来评估运动模式。方法本研究纳入德国两大职业男子足球联赛正式比赛中发生的所有肩关节脱位(1)。和2。德甲联赛（2012/2013赛季至2022/2023赛季）。使用德甲官方视频数据库进行了系统的视频分析。两名独立审查员评估了与受伤相关的、情境和运动学参数。结果36例运动员（平均年龄25岁）共37例肩关节脱位。确定了两种主要损伤机制：1型机制，由直接接触上肢引起（n = 14）， 2型机制，由摔倒引起（n = 22）。只有一个案例不符合这些类别。类型1的中位裁员时间为94天，类型2的中位裁员时间为56天，但这种差异没有统计学意义。两种类型在球员动作（p < 0.001）和接触类型（p = 0.005）上差异有统计学意义，而球员速度、移动方向、足球特定动作、控球和场地位置等因素差异无统计学意义。现场治疗方法各不相同，但在重新定位尝试或复位技术上没有统计学上的显著差异。两种类型的躯干位置、肩关节版本、肩关节抬高和旋转以及脱位时刻的肘关节和腕关节位置相似（n.s）。结论：职业橄榄球运动员肩关节脱臼通常是通过直接接触或摔倒发生的，这表明需要采取特定的预防措施。证据等级三级。

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Systematic video analysis of shoulder dislocations in professional male football (soccer): Injury mechanisms, situational and kinematic patterns

Purpose

Shoulder dislocations in professional football are severe injuries with an increasing incidence and considerable layoff times. Unlike other football injuries, the mechanisms leading to shoulder dislocations are not well understood, which limits the development of targeted preventive measures. Thus, the aims of this study were: (1) to analyse injury mechanisms of shoulder dislocations in professional football, (2) to evaluate situational and (3) to assess kinematic patterns by performing a systematic video analysis.

Methods

The study included all shoulder dislocations occurring in official matches within Germany's top two professional male football (soccer) leagues (1. and 2. Bundesliga) from the 2012/2013 to the 2022/2023 seasons. A systematic video analysis was performed using the official Bundesliga video database. Two independent reviewers assessed injury-related, situational and kinematic parameters.

Results

A total of 37 shoulder dislocations in 36 players (mean age 25 years) were analysed. Two primary injury mechanisms were identified: Type 1 mechanisms, caused by direct contact to the upper extremity (n = 14), and Type 2 mechanisms, caused by catching a fall (n = 22). Only one case did not fit these categories. Median layoff times were 94 days for Type 1 and 56 days for Type 2, but this difference was not statistically significant. Statistically significant differences between the two types were found in player action (p < 0.001) and type of contact (p = 0.005), while factors like player's speed, movement direction, football-specific actions, ball possession and pitch location showed no statistically significant differences. On-field treatment methods varied, but there were no statistically significant differences in repositioning attempts or reduction techniques (n.s.). Trunk position, shoulder joint version, shoulder elevation, and rotation, as well as elbow and wrist joint positions at the moment of dislocation, were similar between the two types (n.s.).

Conclusion

Shoulder dislocations in professional football typically occur through direct contact or catching a fall, indicating a potential role for specific preventive measures.